Optimizing coffee yields in agroforestry systems using WaNuLCAS model: A case study in Malang, Indonesia

Authors

  • Ahmad Ali Yuddin Fitra Soil and Water Management Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3658-3290
  • Simon Oakley UK Center of Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH), Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, United Kingdom https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5757-7420
  • Cahyo Prayogo Lecturer of Soil Science Department, and researcher of Tropical Agroforestry Research Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8250-4100
  • Rika Ratna Sari Lecturer of Soil Science Department, and researcher of Tropical Agroforestry Research Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3803-9352
  • Danny Dwi Saputra Lecturer of Soil Science Department, and researcher of Tropical Agroforestry Research Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1450-0746
  • Rizqi Maulana Ishaq Lecturer of Soil Science Department, and researcher of Tropical Agroforestry Research Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5811-5199
  • Didik Suprayogo Lecturer of Soil Science Department, and researcher of Tropical Agroforestry Research Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2024.114.6337

Keywords:

agroforestry, coffee production, coffee-pine, modeling, WaNuLCAS

Abstract

Agroforestry systems have significant potential for development in increasing coffee production in Indonesia. Besides providing economic benefits, agroforestry can also have ecological impacts, such as improving soil structure, reducing erosion, and other environmental services. There is a complex interaction between trees, soil, and crops in agroforestry systems, making modeling a valuable approach to unraveling these processes. We utilized the spatial and temporal explicit model WaNuLCAS to (i) evaluate the model's performance in depicting actual events (through coffee production and soil water content), (ii) assess the dynamic processes influencing coffee production and the environmental impact of management patterns, (iii) formulate and simulate optimal scenarios for coffee production optimization. Data from a one-year period involving five agroforestry management patterns for coffee-pine in UB Forest were used as input for the model. The model validation results showed satisfactory and acceptable outcomes for coffee production and groundwater dynamics. WaNuLCAS simulation results indicated that pruning and thinning management are crucial factors in increasing coffee production and are related to creating optimal conditions for coffee plants (light, humidity, and inter-plant competition). Additionally, fertilization management can be combined as a supporting factor to meet the nutritional needs of coffee plants. WaNuLCAS simulation results also suggested that pruning and thinning can improve soil physical properties, but thinning increases surface runoff within the system. This research provides insights into how modeling can be used as a decision-making tool.

References

Anhar, A., Widayat, H.P., Muslih, A.M., Subhan, S., Romano, R., Baihaqi, A., Bahri, T.S., Zulkarnain, Z., Bagio, B., Yusmaizal, Y. and Abubakar, Y. 2020. Evaluation of farmers management practices of Arabica coffee plantation across altitude for climate change adaptation strategies in Aceh, Indonesia. Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 9(2):75-82. https://doi.org/10.13170/aijst.9.2.17375

Blake, G.R. and Hartge, K.H. 1986. Bulk Density. In: Klute, A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 2nd Edition, ASA-SSSA, Madison, 363-375. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c13

Boote, K.J., Hoogenboom, G., Ale, S., Adams, C., Shrestha, R., Mvuyekure, R.F., Himanshu, S.K., Grover, K., and Angadi, S. 2023. Adapting the CROPGRO model to simulate growth and yield of guar, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L, an industrial legume crop. Industrial Crops and Products 197:116596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.116596

Cahyo, A.N., Babel, M.S., Datta, A., Prasad, K.C. and Clemente, R.S. 2016. Evaluation of land and water management options to enhance the productivity of rubber plantation using WaNulCas model. Agrivita, Journal of Agricultural Science 38(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v38i1.583

Cannavo, P., Sansoulet, J., Harmand, J.M., Siles, P., Dreyer, E. and Vaast, P. 2011. Agroforestry associating coffee and Inga densiflora results in complementarity for water uptake and decreases deep drainage in Costa Rica. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 140(1-2):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.11.005

Charbonnier, F., Roupsard, O., le Maire, G., Guillemot, J., Casanoves, F., Lacointe, A., Vaast, P., Allinne, C., Audebert, L., Cambou, A., Clement-Vidal, A., Defrenet, E., Duursma, R. A., Jarri, L., Jourdan, C., Khac, E., Leandro, P., Medlyn, B. E., Saint-Andre, L., … Dreyer, E. 2017. Increased light-use efficiency sustains net primary productivity of shaded coffee plants in agroforestry systems. Plant Cell and Environment 40(8):1592-1608. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12964

Chatterjee, N., Nair, P.K.R., Chakraborty, S. and Nair, V.D. 2018. Changes in soil carbon stocks across the Forest-Agroforest-Agriculture/Pasture continuum in various agroecological regions: A meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 266(February):55-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.07.014

Chen, N., Li, X., Shi, H., Zhang, Y., Hu, Q. and Sun, Y. 2023. Modeling effects of biodegradable film mulching on evapotranspiration and crop yields in Inner Mongolia. Agricultural Water Management 275:107996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107996

Chitsiko, R.J., Mutanga, O., Dube, T. and Kutywayo, D. 2022. Review of current models and approaches used for maize crop yield forecasting in sub-Saharan Africa and their potential use in early warning systems. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 127:103199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2022.103199

Evizal, R. 2015. Ethno-agronomy of coffee plantation management in Sumberjaya, West Lampung Regency. Agrotrop: Journal on Agriculture Science 3(2):1-12 (in Indonesian).

FAO and UNEP. 2020. 'The state of the world's forests 2020. Forests, biodiversity and people', The State of the World's Forests (SOFO).

Firmansyah, A., Dewi, N., Haryadi, N.T., Agung, D. and Kurnianto, S. 2023. Diversity of vegetation on coffee-based agroforestry system in Rowosari Village Sumberjambe District Jember Regency. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika 14(02):97-105 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.14.02.97-105

Garcia de Jalon, S., Graves, A., Palma, J.H.N., Williams, A., Upson, M. and Burgess, P.J. 2018. Modelling and valuing the environmental impacts of arable, forestry and agroforestry systems: a case study. Agroforestry Systems 92(4):1059-1073. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-017-0128-z

Hussain, K., Wongleecharoen, C., Hilger, T., Ahmad, A., Kongkaew, T. and Cadisch, G. 2016. Modelling resource competition and its mitigation at the crop-soil-hedge interface using WaNuLCAS. Agroforestry Systems 90(6):1025-1044. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9881-z

Kawabata, A., Wages, S. and Nakamoto, S. 2021. Pruning Methods for the Management of Coffee Leaf Rust and Coffee Berry Borer in Hawaii. University of Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service 808:1-9.

Kouadio, L., Tixier, P., Byrareddy, V., Marcussen, T., Mushtaq, S., Rapidel, B. and Stone, R. 2021. Performance of a process-based model for predicting robusta coffee yield at the regional scale in Vietnam. Ecological Modelling 443(September 2020):109469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109469

Lalani, B., Lanza, G., Leiva, B., Mercado, L. and Haggar, J. 2024. Shade versus intensification: Trade-off or synergy for profitability in coffee agroforestry systems? Agricultural Systems 214(November 2023):103814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103814

Loague, K. and Green, R.E. 1991. Statistical and graphical methods for evaluating solute transport models: Overview and application. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 7(1-2,):51-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(91)90038-3

Negash, M., Kaseva, J. and Kahiluoto, H. 2022. Determinants of carbon and nitrogen sequestration in multistrata agroforestry. Science of the Total Environment 851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158185

Ollinaho, O.I. and Kroger, M. 2021. Agroforestry transitions: The good, the bad and the ugly. Journal of Rural Studies 82:210-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.01.016

Onsamrarn, W., Chittamart, N. and Tawornpruek, S. 2020. Performances of the WEPP and WaNuLCAS models on soil erosion simulation in a tropical hillslope, Thailand. PLoS ONE 15:1-20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241689

Perron, T., Legrand, M., Janeau, J., Vierling, C., Kouakou, A., Brauman, A., Gay, F., Laclau, J., Mareschal, L., Perron, T. and Legrand, M. 2023. Runoff and soil loss are drastically decreased in a rubber plantation combining the spreading of logging residues with a legume cover. Science of the Total Environment 913:169335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169335

Pinto, V.M., Reichardt, K., van Dam, J., Lier, Q. de J. van, Bruno, I.P., Durigon, A., Dourado-Neto, D. and Bortolotto, R.P. 2015. Deep drainage modeling for a fertigated coffee plantation in the Brazilian savanna. Agricultural Water Management 148:130-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.09.029

Purnamasari, E., Kusumawati, I.A., Mardiani, M.O., Pratiwi, D.K. and Hairiah, K. 2022. Coffee shade tree canopy management in agroforestry systems: Comparing the ecological knowledge of coffee farmers with modern ecological knowledge. Proceedings of the National Seminar of the Indonesian Biodiversity Society 8(1):1-8 (in Indonesian).

Putri, A., Yusmani, Y., Paloma, C. and Zakir, Z. 2018. Performance of production factors of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L) in Lembah Gumanti, Solok Regency, West Sumatera. Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri 7(3):189-197 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2018.007.03.7

Rijal, S., Bachtiar, B., Chairil, A. and Ardiansyah, T. 2019. Development of coffee agroforestry in supporting the role of forests in the highland area of Jeneponto Regency. Jurnal Hutan dan Masyarakat 11(2):151-162 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.24259/jhm.v11i2.6030

Rimbawan, R., Hafizianor, H. and Pujawati, E.D. 2021. Pine-coffee agroforestry management and its contribution to the Babadan Village community in the pine forest area of Perhutani KPH Malang, East Java. Jurnal Sylva Scienteae,4(4):591-397 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.20527/jss.v4i4.3933

Rusli, R., Sakiroh, S. and Wardiana, E. 2015. Effect of fertilization on growth, yield, and bean quality of four clones of Robusta coffee in red and yellow podzolic soil, North Lampung. Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 2(2):107-112 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v2n2.2015.p107-112

Sakai, E., Barbosa, E.A.A., de Carvalho Silveira, J.M. and de Matos Pires, R.C. 2015. Coffee productivity and root systems in cultivation schemes with different population arrangements and with and without drip irrigation. Agricultural Water Management 148:16-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.08.020

Saputra, D.D., Putrantyo, A.R., and Kusuma, Z. 2018. Relationship between soil organic matter content and bulk density, porosity, and infiltration rate in salak plantations, Purwosari District, Pasuruan Regency. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 5(1):647-654 (in Indonesian)

Saragih, J.R. 2017. Covered Arabica coffee farming system as a land conservation strategy in North Sumatra. Workshop to Commemorate World Land Degradation and Drought Prevention Day 1992:1-12 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/s6da9

Sarmiento-Soler, A., Vaast, P., Hoffmann, M.P., Jassogne, L., van Asten, P., Graefe, S. and Rotter, R.P. 2020. Effect of cropping system, shade cover and altitudinal gradient on coffee yield components at Mt. Elgon, Uganda. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 295:106887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.106887

Schmitt, L. and Perfecto, I. 2021. Coffee leaf litter decomposition: Short term home-field advantage in shaded coffee agro-ecosystems. Applied Soil Ecology 161:103854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103854

Septiani, B.A. and Kawuryan, I.S.S. 2021. Analysis of the causes of the decline in robusta coffee production in Temanggung Regency. EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 5(3):365-388 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2021.v5.i3.4612

Sileshi, G.W., Mafongoya, P.L., Akinnifesi, F.K., Phiri, E., Chirwa, P., Beedy, T., Makumba, W., Nyamadzawo, G., Njoloma, J., Wuta, M., Nyamugafata, P. and Jiri, O. 2014. Agroforestry: fertilizer trees. Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems 1:222-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52512-3.00022-X

Staver, C., Juventia, S., Navarrete, E., Navarrete, L., Sepulveda, N. and Barrios, M. 2020. Long-term response of groundcover components to organic and conventional weed control in shaded and open-sun coffee in Nicaragua. Crop Protection 133:105150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105150

Sudharta, K.A., Hakim, A.L., Fadhilah, M.A., Fadzil, M.N., Prayogo, C., Kusuma, Z. and Suprayogo, D. 2022. Soil organic matter and nitrogen in varying management types of coffee-pine agroforestry systems and their effect on coffee bean yield. Biodiversitas 23(11):5884-5891. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d231142

Suprayogo, D., Azmi, E.N., Ariesta, D.A., Sutejo, Y.A., Hakim, A.L., Prayogo, C. and McNamara, N.P. 2020. Tree and plant interactions in the agroforestry system: does the management of coffee intensification disrupt the soil hydrological system and pine growth? IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 449:012045. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/449/1/012045

Suyadi, N., Sumardjo, N., Uchrowi, Z., Tjitropranoto, P. and Swastika, D.K.S. 2018. Status and determinants of agroforestry farmers' income in the Mount Ciremai National Park environment. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi 36(1):71-89 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.21082/jae.v36n1.2018.71-89

Syano, N.M., Nyangito, M.M., Kironchi, G. and Wasonga, O.V. 2023. Agroforestry practices impacts on soil properties in the drylands of Eastern Kenya. Trees, Forests and People 14:100437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2023.100437

Valencia, V., Garcia-Barrios, L., West, P., Sterling, E.J. and Naeem, S. 2014. The role of coffee agroforestry in the conservation of tree diversity and community composition of native forests in a biosphere reserve. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 189:154-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.024

Walkley, A. and Black, I.A. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science 37:29-38. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003

Wang, Y., Huang, D., Zhao, L., Shen, H., Xing, X. and Ma, X. 2022. The distributed CERES-Maize model with crop parameters determined through data assimilation assists in regional irrigation schedule optimization. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 202:107425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2022.107425

Wijayanto, H.W., Lo, K.A., Toiba, H. and Rahman, M.S. 2022. Does agroforestry adoption affect subjective well-being? Empirical evidence from smallholder farmers in East Java, Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland) 14(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610382

Wilkinson, M., Crow, P., Eaton, E.L. and Morison, J.I.L. 2016. Effects of management thinning on CO2 exchange by a plantation oak woodland in south-eastern England. Biogeosciences 13(8):2367-2378. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2367-2016

Zewdie, B., Tack, A.J.M., Ayalew, B., Wondafrash, M., Nemomissa, S. and Hylander, K. 2022. Plant biodiversity declines with increasing coffee yield in Ethiopia's coffee agroforests. Journal of Applied Ecology 59(5):1198-1208. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14130

Downloads

Submitted

27-03-2024

Accepted

22-05-2024

Published

01-07-2024

How to Cite

Fitra, A. A. Y., Oakley, S., Prayogo, C., Ratna Sari, R., Saputra, D. D., Ishaq, R. M., & Suprayogo, D. (2024). Optimizing coffee yields in agroforestry systems using WaNuLCAS model: A case study in Malang, Indonesia. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, 11(4), 6337–6350. https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2024.114.6337

Issue

Section

Research Article

Most read articles by the same author(s)