Impact of maize conservation agricultural system on nitrogen losses through surface runoff and soil erosion in dryland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2019.071.1965Keywords:
biogeotextile, conservation farming, legume cover crop, no-tillage, N lossesAbstract
Nutrient loss in dry land through surface runoff and soil erosion is thought to dominate the watershed eutrophication. Conservation agriculture is expected to be able to reduce the nitrogen (N) loss into river systems. This study aimed to compare the N total input between conservation and conventional farming systems and to analyze N losses through surface runoff and soil erosion in conservation agriculture compared to conventional farming systems. The study was conducted at Agro-Techno-Park at Jatikerto, Brawijaya University from December 2017 to September 2018. The experiment was designed with three factors, i.e. (1) with and without biogeotextile, (2) No and conventional tillage, (3) application of four kinds of cover crop residues, with three replications. Results of the study showed that conservation agriculture was able to provide higher N inputs into the soil than conventional agriculture. The N loss through surface runoff was relatively low, ranging from 0.03 kg/ha to 0.45 kg/ha. N loss through erosion with conventional tillage and without biogeotextile reached 15 kg/ha to 32 kg/ha. No-tillage practices combined with the biogeotextile application significantly reduce N losses through soil erosion to only 0.3 kg/ha to 5 kg/ha. Conservation agriculture is one of the solutions to overcome the trade-off between the need for increased food production and environmental protection.References
Ansorena, D., Montel, M.C., Rokka, M., Talon, R. and Eerola, S. 2002. Analysis of biogenic amines in northern and southern European sausages and role of flora in amine production. Meat Science 61 (2), 141–147. DOI:10.1016/S0309-1740(01)00174-7.
Atkinson, R. and Ragland, J.L. 1968. What Happens to Fertilizer Nitrogen in the Soil?. Agronomy Notes. 186. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_notes/186.
Atkinson, R. 2000.Atmospheric chemistry of VOCs and NOx. Atmospheric Environment 34: 2063–2101. DOI:10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00460-4.
Bashagaluke, J.B., Logah, V., Opoku, A., Sarkodie-Addo, J. and Quansah, C. 2018. Soil nutrient loss through erosion: Impact of different cropping systems and soil amendments in Ghana. PLos ONE 13(12): e0208250. DOI:10.1371/ journal.pone. 0208250.
Bertol, I., Mello, E.L., Guadagnin, J.C.E., Zaparolli, A.L.V. and Carrafa, M.R. 2003. Nutrient Losses by Water.Scientia Agricola 60(3): 581-586, DOI:10.1590/S0103-90162003000300025.
Bouraima, A.K., Binghui, H. and Taiqiang, T. 2016. Runoff, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from purple slope cropland soil under rating fertilization in Three Gorges Region. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2016) 23:4541–4550. DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-5488-1.
Burkart, M.R. and Stoner, J.D., 2001. Nitrogen in groundwater associated with agricultural systems. In: Follett, R., Hartï¬eld, J. (Eds.), Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems, and Management. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp. 123–145. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-374347-3.00007-X.
Casson, J.P., Olson, B.M., Little, J.L. and Nolan, S.C. 2008.Assessment of Environmental Sustainability in Alberta's Agricultural Watersheds Project. Volume 4: Nitrogen loss in surface runoff. Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. 71 pp. https://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/irr12647/$file/vol1_aesa_assessmentofenvironmentalsustainabilitynalbertasagriculturalwatersheds_rtw.pdf?OpenElement.
Cui, Z, Yue S, Wang, G., Meng, Q., Wu L., Yang Z., Zhang Q., Li, S., Zhang, F. and Chen. X., 2013. Closing the yield gap could reduce projected greenhouse gas emissions: a case study of maize production in China. Global Change Biology Journal 19(8): 2467-2477. DOI:10.1111/gcb.12213.
EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), 2017. State progress toward developing numeric nutrient water quality criteria for nitrogen and phosphorus.https://www.epa.gov/nutrient-policy-data/state-process-tward-developing-numeric-nutrient-water-quality-criteria.
FAO, 2013. What Is Conservation Agriculture?| Conservation Agriculture | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2013. http://www.fao.org/conservation-agriculture/ overview/what-is-conservation-agriculture/en/. Access at 18 July 2018.
Gai, X., Liu, H., Liu, J., Zhai, L., Wang, H., Yang, B., Ren, T., Wu, S. and Lei, Q. 2019.Contrasting impacts of long-term application of manure and crop straw on residual nitrate-N along the soil proï¬le in the North China plain.Science of the Total Environment 650: 2251–2259. DOI:10.1016/ j.scitotenv.2018.09.275.
Garcia-Ruiz, J.M., Begueria, S., Lana-Renault, N., Nadal-Nomero, E. and Cerda, A. 2017. On going and emerging questions in water erosion studies. Land Degradation & Development 28: 5–21. DOI:10.1002/ldr.2641.
Hua, Z.G., Liu, G.B, Wang, G.L. and Wang, Y.X. 2011. Effects of Vegetation Cover and Rainfall Intensity on Sediment-Bound Nutrient Loss, Size Composition and Volume Fractal Dimension of Sediment Particles. Pedosphere 21(5): 676–684. DOI:10.1016/S1002-0160(11)60170-7.
Keesstra, S.D., Rodrigo-Comino, J., Novara, A., Giménez-Morera, A., Pulido, M., Di Prima, S. and Cerdà , A. 2019. Straw mulch as a sustainable solution to decrease runoff and erosion in glyphosate-treated clementine plantations in Eastern Spain. An assessment using rainfall simulation experiments. Catena 174: 95–103. DOI:10.1016/ j.catena.2018.11.007.
Kiboi, M.N., Ngetich, K. F., Diels, J., Mucheru-Muna, M., Mugwe, J. and Mugendi, D.N. 2017. Minimum tillage, tied ridging and mulching for better maize yield and yield stability in the Central Highlands of Kenya. Soil & Tillage Research 170 (April):157–66. DOI:10.1016/j.still.2017.04.001.
Kjeldahl, J. 1883. Neue Methode zur Bestimmung des Stickstoffs in organischen Körpern. (New method for the determination of nitrogen in organic substances). Zeitschriftfür Analytische Chemie 22(1): 366-383.
Lal, M. and Mishra S.K. 2015. Characterization of surface runoff, soil erosion, nutrient loss and their relationship for agricultural plots in India. Current World Environment 10 (2): 593-601. DOI:10.12944/CWE.10.2.24.
Liang, B.C. and MacKenzie, A.F. 1994. Corn yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency as influenced by nitrogen fertilization. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 74(2): 235-240. DOI:10.4141/cjss94-032.
Liu, J.., Zhan, A., Chen, H., Luo, S., Bu, L., Chen, X. and Li, S. 2015. Response of nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrate dynamics to soil mulching in dryland maize (Zea mays L.) fields. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 101(2): 271–283. DOI:10.1007/ s10705-015-9678-5.
Machado, R.L., Alexander, S.D.R. and Eduardo, F. 2010.Soil and nutrient losses in erosion gullies at different degrees of restoration (1). Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 34:945-954, 2010. DOI:10.1590/S0100-06832010000300036.
Mhazo, N., Chivenge, P. and Chaplot,V. 2016. Tillage impact on soil erosion by water: Discrepancies due to climate and soil characteristics. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 230: 231–241. DOI:10.1016/j.agee.2016.04.033.
Mrabet, R., Rachid, M., Aziz, F. and Eric, V.R. 2012. Conservation agriculture in dry areas of Morocco. Field Crops Research 132: 84–94. DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.017.
Mustikaningrum, D., Suprayogo, D. and Utami, S.R. 2018. Conservation farming in rain-fed agriculture: can biogeotextile, cover crop residues, and soil tillage application improve the growth and the yield of maize (Zea mays L.)?. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 6(1): 1409-1417, DOI:10.15243/jdmlm.2018.061.1409
Naab, J.B., Mahama, G.Y., Yahaya, I. and Prasad, P.V.V. 2017. Conservation agriculture improves soil quality, crop yield, and incomes of smallholder farmers in North Western Ghana. Frontiers in Plant Science 8:996. DOI:10.3389/fpls.2017.00996.
Nyamadzawo, G., Nyamugafata, P., Wuta, M., Nyamangara, J. and Chikowo, J. 2012. Infiltration and runoff losses under fallowing and conservation agriculture practices on contrasting soils, Zimbabwe. Water SA 38(2 April 2012). DOI 10.4314/wsa.v38i2.8.Available on website http://www.wrc.org.za.
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development.1982. Eutrophication of Waters. Monitoring, Assessment and Control. Paris: Organization for Economic Coâ€Operation and Development. 154 pp. DOI:10.1002/ iroh.19840690206.
Oita, A., Malik, A., Kanemoto, K. Geschke, A., Nishijima, S. and Lenzen, M., 2016. Substantial nitrogen pollution embedded in international trade. Nature Geoscience 9: 111–115.https:// www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2635.
Oshunsanya, S.O., Li, Y. and Yu, H. 2019. Vetiver grass hedgerows signiï¬cantly reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from fertilized sloping lands. Science of the Total Environment 66: 86–94. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.129.
Ouyang, W., Xueting, X., Zengchao, H. and Xiang G. 2017. Effects of soil moisture content on upland nitrogen loss.Journal of Hydrology 546: 71–80. DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.053.
Palm, C., Blanco-Canqui, H., DeClerck, F., Gatere, L., and Grace, P. 2014. Conservation agriculture and ecosystem services: an overview. Agriculture, Ecosystem, and Environment 187: 87–105. DOI 10.1016/j.agee.2013.10.010.
Paudel, B., Theodore, J.K.R., Catherine, C.H., Susan, C., Tamang, B.B. and Jacqueline, H.K.T. 2014. Effect of conservation agriculture on maize-based farming system in the mid-hills of Nepal. Procedia Engineering 78:327–36. DOI:10.1016/ j.proeng.2014.07.074.
Perum JasaTirta I. 2005. A Review on Hydrology and Sedimentation of the Upper Brantas River Basin. Presented at the Limited Discussion "Problems and Models of Handling Critical Areas in East Java" Balitbang of East Java Province. https://docplayer.info/229869-Tinjauan-hidrologi-dan-sedimentasi-das-kali-brantas-hulu-1.html. (in Indonesian).
Portela, J.C., Cogo, N.P., Filho, J.C.R., Sequinatto, L., Batista, R.O., Souza, C.M.M. and Gondim, J.E.F. 2018. Nutrient losses due to water erosion using simulated rainfall in southern Brazil. DYNA85(206):236-241. DOI:10.15446/dyna.v85n206.71084.
Prasetyo, A., Utomo, W.H. and Listyarini, E. 2014.The relationship between soil physical properties, roots and yield of second-year cassava on an Alfisol of Jatikerto due to organic and inorganic fertilizers. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan1(1):27–38 (in Indonesian).
Prasuhn, V. 2012. On-farm effects of tillage and crops on soil erosion measured over 10 years in Switzerland. Soil & Tillage Research 120: 137–146. DOI:10.1016/j.still.2012.01.002.
Prosdocimi, M., Paolo, T. and Artemi, C. 2016. Mulching practices for reducing soil water erosion: a review. Earth-Science Reviews 161:191–203. DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.006.
Rasouli, S., Whalen, J.K. and Madramootoo, C.A. 2014. Review: Reducing residual soil nitrogen losses from agroecosystems for surface water protection in Quebec and Ontario, Canada: Best management practices, policies and perspectives. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 94: 109-127. DOI:10.4141/CJSS2013-015.
Schuman, G.E., Burwell, R.E., Piest, R.F. and Spomer, R.G. 1973. Nitrogen losses in surface runoff from agricultural watersheds on Missouri Valley loess. Journal of Environmental Quality 2(2): 299-302. DOI:10.2134/jeq1973.00472425000200020030x.
Song, K., Jianjun, Y., Yong, X., Weiguang, L., Xianqing, Z. and Jianjun, P. 2016. Influence of tillage practices and straw incorporation on soil aggregates, organic carbon, and crop yields in a rice-wheat rotation system. Scientific Reports 6:36602. DOI:10.1038/srep36602.
Sorando, R., Comin, F.A., Jimenez, J.J., Sanchez-Perez, J.M. and Sauvage, S. 2018. Water resources and nitrate discharges in relation to agricultural land uses in an intensively irrigated watershed. Science of the Total Environment 659:1293-130. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.023.
Sutton, M.A, Oenema, O., Erisman, J.W., Leip, A., van Grinsven, H. and Winiwarter, W. 2011. Too much of a good thing. Nature 472: 159–161. https://www.nature.com/articles/472159a.
Tuan, V.D. 2015. Soil conservation methods and their impact on nitrogen cycling and competition in maize cropping systems on steep slopes in Northwest Vietnam. Dissertation of Faculty Agricultural Sciences of the University of Hohenheim. 129 pp.
Valiant, R. 2014. Challenges in Water Resources Management to Achieve Sustainable Environments: Brantas Watershed Portrait in the Brantas Watershed Week Seminar. Water Resources Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang (in Indonesian).
Van Pelt, R.S., Hushmurodov, S.X., Baumhardt, R.L., Chappell, A., Nearing, M.A., Polyakov, V.O. and Strack, J.E. 2016. The reduction of partitioned wind and water erosion by conservation agriculture. Catena-02876:160-167. DOI:10.1016/ j.catena. 2016.07.004.
Wagena, M. B. and Zachary, M. E. 2018. Science of the total environment agricultural conservation practices can help mitigate the impact of climate change. Science of the Total Environment 635:132–43. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.110.
Wang R., Min J., Kronzucker, H.J., Li, Y. and Shi, W.2019. N and P runoff losses in China's vegetable production systems: Loss characteristics, impact, and management practices. Science of the Total Environment 663:971–979. DOI:10.1016/ j.scitotenv.2019.01.368.
Wang X., Fan, J., Xing Y., Xu. G., Wang, H., Deng, J., Wang, Y., Fucang Zhang. F., Li, P. and Li, Z. 2018. The effects of mulch and nitrogen fertilizer on the soil environment of crop plants. Advances in Agronomy 153:122-155.
Wang, J., Hui, L., Xiaohui, W., Cangshuan, L. and Xiaoli, W. 2017. Effects of different types of mulches and legumes for the restoration of urban abandoned land in semi-arid Northern China. Ecological Engineering 102:55–63. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.001.
Xiong, M., Sun, R. and Chen, L. 2018. Effects of soil conservation techniques on water erosion control: a global analysis. Science of the Total Environment 645: 753–760. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2018.07.124.
Zeng, S., Su, Z., Chen, B., Wu, Q. and Ouyang, Y. 2007. Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses from orchard soils in south China as affected by fertilization depths and rates. Pedosphere 18: 45–53. DOI:10.1016/S1002-0160(07)60101-5.
Zhang, W., Dou, Z., He, P., Ju, X., Powlson, D., Chadwick, D., Norse, D., Lu, Y., Zhang, Y., Wu, L., Chen, X., Cassman, K.G. and Zhang, F. 2013. New technologies reduce greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogenous fertilizer in China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 110 (21): 8375-8380. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1210447110.
Zhang, Y.T., Wang, H.Y., Lei, Q.L., Luo, J.F., Lindsey, S., Zhang, J.Z., Zhai, L.M., Wu, S.X., Zhang, J.S., Liu, X.X., Ren, T.Z. and Liu, H.B. 2018. Optimizing the nitrogen application rate for maize and wheat-based on yield and environment on the Northern China Plain. Science of the Total Environment 618: 1173–1183. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.183.
Zribi, W., Aragüés, R., Medina, E. and Faci, J.M. 2015. Efficiency of inorganic and organic mulching materials for soil evaporation control. Soil and Tillage Research 148: 40–45. DOI:10.1016/j.still.2014.12.003.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher. 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Scientific Journal by Eko Handayanto is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://ub.ac.id.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://ircmedmind.ub.ac.id/.
This work is licensed under a 