Bioremediation of chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil with biduri plant (Calotropis gigantea), bacteria, and biochar: Soil fertility impact
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2024.112.5509Keywords:
bioremediation, biduri plant, bacteria, pesticide, soil fertilityAbstract
During the Industrial Revolution, agriculture was linked to environmental issues. One issue is pesticide pollution. Bioremediation is needed because plant diseases and pests cause farmers to use pesticides excessively, polluting and decreasing soil production. This study evaluated soil fertility from bioremediation with biduri plants, bacteria, and biochar on chlorpyrifos-polluted shallot-growing soil in Brebes Regency. This type of research was an experiment in a greenhouse, using a factorial experimental design with a completely randomized design, consisting of two factors, namely bioremediation agent (A0: without bioremediation agent, A1: Atlantibacter hermannii, A2: bacterial consortium) and coconut shell biochar (B0: without biochar, B1: with biochar). There were six treatment combinations, then replicated three times for each treatment, so there were 18 treatment units. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, Duncan Multiple Range Test, and Pearson correlation. The results showed that the best treatments that were able to improve soil fertility after bioremediation were treatments A1B0 (Atlantibacter hermannii + without biochar), A2B0 (bacterial consortium + without biochar), and A2B1 (bacterial consortium + with biochar). The A1B0 treatment (Atlantibacter hermannii + without biochar) increased the pH by 4.97%, and the soil available P was 12 times higher than the initial soil. The A2B0 (bacterial consortium + without biochar) treatment increased soil cation exchange capacity by 99.81% and soil organic C by 116% higher than the initial soil. The A2B1 (bacterial consortium + with biochar) treatment increased soil total N by 37.50% and available K by 38.47%, higher than the initial soil.
References
Adiyoga, W. and De Putter, H. 2015. Pesticide use in shallot-hot pepper intercropping cultivation system in Brebes, Central Java. Acta Horticulturae 1105:229-234. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1105.32
Akbar, S. and Sultan, S. 2016. Soil bacteria show a potential for chlorpyrifos degradation and plant growth enhancement. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 47(3):563-570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2016.04.009
Anandyawati, S.A., Nugroho, B. and Sabiham, S. 2017. Study of root exudate organic acids and microbial population in the rhizosphere of oil palm seedling. Journal of Tropical Soils 22(1):29-36. https://doi.org/10.5400/jts.2017.v22i1.29-36
Aryani, N., Hendarto, K., Wiharso, D. and Niswati, A. 2019. Increased red onion production and some chemical properties of ultisol soil due to the application of vermicompost and complementary fertilizers. Journal of Tropical Upland Resources 1(1):145-160 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.23960/jtur.vol1no1.2019.18
Azwir, A. 2018. Effect of fertilization on groundnuts in rainfed land of west Sumatra. Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian 20(3):209-2020 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v20n3.2017.p209-220
Baiamonte, G., De Pasquale, C., Marsala, V., Cimò, G., Alonzo, G., Crescimanno, G. and Conte, P. 2015. Structure alteration of a sandy-clay soil by biochar amendments. Journal of Soils and Sediments 15(4):816-824. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0960-y
Bird, J.A., Herman, D.J. and Firestone, M.K. 2011. Rhizosphere priming of soil organic matter by bacterial groups in a grassland soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43(4):718-725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.010
Chen, J., Li, S., Liang, C., Xu, Q., Li, Y., Qin, H. and Fuhrmann, J.J. 2017. Response of microbial community structure and function to short-term biochar amendment in an intensively managed bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) plantation soil: effect of particle size and addition rate. Science of The Total Environment 574:24-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.190
Cherif-Silini, H., Silini, A., Ghoul, M., Yahiaoui, B. and Arif, F. 2013. Solubilization of phosphate by the Bacillus under salt stress and in the presence of osmoprotectant compounds. African Journal of Microbiology Research 7(37):4562-4571. https://doi.org/10.5897/2013.5696
Claassens, S., Riedel, K.J., Van Rensburg, L., Morgenthal, T.L. and Van Rensburg, P.J. 2006. Soil microbial properties in coal mine tailings under rehabilitation. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 4(1):75-83. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/0401_075083
Dotulong, J.R.G., Kumolontang, W.J.N., Kaunang, D. and Rondonuwu, J.J. 2015. Identification of the state of physical and chemical properties of the soil on the cloves plant in Tincep and Kolongan Atas Villages, Sonder Sub-district. Cocos 8(8):1-7 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.35791/cocos.v6i5.7475
Ekenwosu, J.U. 2019. Post bioremediation effect on soil fertility using substrate from livestock byproduct. International Annals of Science 7(1):33-37. https://doi.org/10.21467/ias.7.1.33-37
Fahmi, A., Utami, S.N.H. and Radjagukguk, B. 2010. The interaction effect of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients on maize (Zea mays l.) grown in regosol and latosol soils. Berita Biologi 10(3):297-304 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.14203/beritabiologi.v10i3.744
Ferina, P., Rosariastuti, R. and Supriyadi, S. 2017. The effectiveness of mendong plant (Fimbrystilis globulosa) as a phytoremediator of soil contaminated with chromium of industrial waste. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 4(4):899-905. https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2017.044.899
Hamed, M.H., Desoky, M.A., Ghallab, A.M. and Faragallah, M.A. 2014. Effect of incubation periods and some organic materials on phosphorus forms in calcareous soils. International Journal of Technology Enhancements and Emerging Engineering Research 2(6):2347-4289.
Hapsari, R.I. and Lestari, S.U. 2017. Phytoremediation of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in contaminated soil with biduri (Caloptropis gigantea) and elephant grass (Panicum maximum). Journal of Hijau Cendekia 2(1):9-14 (in Indonesian).
He, Y., Xiao, S., Dong, T. and Nie, P. 2019. Gold nanoparticles with different particle sizes are used by SERS to quantitatively determine chlorpyrifos residues in soil. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20(11):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112817
Hidayat, F., Sembiring, Z., Afrida, E. and Balatif, F. 2020. Application of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to improve growth of maize (Zea mays). Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 7(2):249-254 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2020.007.2.8
Hoffland, E., Kuyper, T.W., Comans, R.N.J. and Creamer, R.E. 2020. Eco-functionality of organic matter in soils. Plant and Soil 55(1-2):1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04651-9
Hussain, F., Hussain, I., Khan, A.H.A., Muhammad, Y.S., Iqbal, M., Soja, G., Reichenauer, T.G., Zeshan, and Yousaf, S. 2018. Combined application of biochar, compost, and bacterial consortia with Italian ryegrass enhanced phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. Environmental and Experimental Botany 153:80-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.05.012
Isir, S., Tamod, Z.E. and Supit, J.M.J. 2022. Identification of soils chemical properties on land of shallots plantation (Allium ascalonicum L.) in Talikuran Village Remboken District Minahasa Regency. Soil and Environment Journal 22(1):6-11 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.35791/se.22.1.2022.38911
Kalay, A.M., Sesa, A., Siregar, A. and Talahaturuson, A. 2020. Effects of biofertilizer application on microbial populations and macronutrient availability in Entisol soils. Agrologia: Jurnal Ilmu Budidaya Pertanian 8(2):63-70 (in Indonesian).
https://doi.org/10.30598/a.v8i2.1011
Kargar, M., Clark, O.G., Hendershot, W.H., Jutras, P. and Prasher, S.O. 2015. Immobilization of trace metals in contaminated urban soil amended with compost and biochar. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 226:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2450-2
Lazcano, C., Brandon, M., Revilla, P. and Domingues, J. 2013. Short-term effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil microbial community structure and function. Biology and Fertility of Soils 49:723-733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7
Nining, E., Nazli, R.S.S., Mas'ud, Z.A, Machfud, M. and Sobir, S. 2019. Profile of organophosphate insecticide residues in the production area of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) in Brebes Regency of Central Java. Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management 9(4):999-1009 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.9.4.999-1009
Noviani, P.I., Slamet, S. and Citraresmini, A. 2018. Contribution of rice straw compost-biochar to the increase of vailable P, PSB population number and rice yield in lowland soil. Jurnal Ilmiah Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi 14(1):47-58 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.17146/jair.2018.14.1.4155
Oktaviansyah, H., Lumbanraja, J., Sunyoto, S. and Sarno, S. 2015. Effect of tillage system on growth, nutrient uptake and corn crop production on Ultisol soil of Gedung Meneng, Bandar Lampung. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika 3(3):393-401 (in Indonesian) https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v3i3.1968
Pinatih, I.D.A.S.P., Kusmiyarti, T.B. and Susila, K.D. 2015. Evaluation of soil fertility status at agriculture land in South of Denpasar District. Agroteknologi Tropika 4(4):282-292 (in Indonesian).
Prabowo, R. and Subantoro, R. 2017. Soil analysis as an indicator of fertility agricultural cultivation land in Semarang City. Jurnal Ilmiah Cendekia Eksakta 2(2):59-64 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.3194/ce.v2i2.2087
Rahayu, R., Saidi, D. and Herlambang, S. 2019. The effect of coconut shell biochar and cow manure on soil chemical properties and mustard plant production at coastal sandy soil. Soil and Water Journal 16(2):69-78 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.31315/jta.v16i2.3985
Rashid, M.I., Mujawar, L.H., Shahzad, T., Almeelbi, T., Ismail, I.M. and Oves, M. 2016. Bacteria and fungi can contribute to nutrient bioavailability and aggregate formation in degraded soils. Microbiological Research 183:26-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2015.11.007
Rosariastuti, R., Astuti, H.A. and Sudadi, S. 2022. Study of the potential plant of Biduri (Calotropis gigantea) with combination of bacteria, organic matter, and inorganic fertilizer for bioremediation of lead (Pb) contaminated soil. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1016(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1016/1/012016
Rosariastuti, R., Barokah, U., Purwanto, P. and Supriyadi, S. 2018. Phytoremediation of Pb contaminated paddy field using combination of Agrobacterium sp. I3, compost and ramie (Boehmeria nivea). Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 5(4):1381-1388. https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2018.054.1381
Rosariastuti, R., Rahmawati, Y., Sumani, S. and Hartati, S. 2023. Identification and pesticide degradation test of bacterial consortium of contaminated soil. Sains Tanah: Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 20(1):78-86. https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v20i1.62920
Santi, L.P., Dariah, A. and Goenadi, D.H. 2008. Aggregate stability improvement of mineral soil by exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria. Menara Perkebunan 76(2):93-103 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v76i2.85
Santosa, E. 2007. Methods of Soil Biology Analysis (Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes). Bogor: Center for Agricultural Land Resources (in Indonesian).
Saraswati, R., Santosa, E. and Yuniarti, E. 2015. Organic matter breakdown organisms. pp 211-230 in Simanungkalit, R.D.M., Suriadikarta, D.A., Saraswati, R., Setyorini, D. and Hartatik, W. (eds.), Organic Fertilizers and Biofertilizers. Bogor: Center for Research and Development of Agricultural Land Resources (in Indonesian).
Sari, M., Cahyaningtyas, C., Yulianto, S. and Prasetyo, J. 2021. Analysis of landslide prone areas in Brebes Regency using images Landsat 8 with inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. Journal of Information Technology 1(2):1-6. https://doi.org/10.46229/jifotech.v1i2.276
Soil Research Center of Indonesia. 2009. Technical Guidelines for Chemical Analysis of Soil, Plants, Water and Fertilizers. Soil Research Institute (2nd ed.).
Solly, E.F., Weber, V., Zimmermann, S., Walthert, L., Hagedorn, F. and Schmidt, M.W.I. 2019. Is the content and potential preservation of soil organic carbon reflected by cation exchange capacity? A case study in Swiss forest soils. Biogeosciences Discussions (February):132. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-33
Srinivasan, R., Yandigeri, M.S., Kashyap, S. and Alagawadi, A.R. 2012. Effect of salt on survival and P-solubilization potential of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms from salt affected soils. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 19(4):427-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.05.004
Steinbeiss, S., Gleixner, G. and Antonietti, M. 2009. Effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon balance and soil microbial activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41(6):1301-1310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.03.016
Sujiono, E.H., Zabrian, D., Zharvan, V. and Humairah, N.A. 2022. Fabrication and characterization of coconut shell activated carbon using variation chemical activation for wastewater treatment application. Results in Chemistry 4:100291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100291
Sukardan, M.D., Natawijaya, D., Prettyanti, P., Cahyadi, C. and Novarini, E. 2017. Characterization of the fiber from biduri and the identification of its utilization possibility as a textile fiber. Arena Tekstil 31(2):51-62 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.31266/at.v31i2.1986
Sutami, Purwanto, and Rosariastuti, R. 2021. The effectivity of biduri combined with indigenous bacteria in mercury absorption. IOP Conference: Earth and Environmental Science 905. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012130
Wang, L., Wen, Y., Guo, X., Wang, G., Li, S. and Jiang, J. 2010. Degradation of methamidophos by Hyphomicrobium species MAP-1 and the biochemical degradation pathway. Biodegradation 21(4):513-523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-009-9320-9
Wilson, W., Supriadi, S. and Guchi, H. 2015. Evaluation of soil chemistry characteristics on coffee land in Mandailing Natal Regency. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Universitas Sumatera Utara 3(2):104299 (in Indonesian). https://doi.urg/10.32734/jaet.v3i2.10345
Wulandari, S., Nisa, Y.S., Taryono, T., Indarti, S. and Sayekti, R.S. 2021. Sterilization of tissue culture equipment and media. Agrinova: Journal of Agrotechnology Innovation 4(2):16-19 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.22146/a.77010
Yang, J., Song, L., Pan, C., Han, Y. and Kang, L. 2022. Removal of ten pesticide residues on/in kumquat by washing with alkaline electrolysed water. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 102(15):3638-3651. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2020.1772775
Yang, J.L., Fan, W. and Zheng, S.J. 2019. Mechanisms and regulation of aluminum-induced secretion of organic acid anions from plant roots. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B 20(6):513. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1900188
Zuluaga, M.Y.A., de Oliveira, A.L.M., Valentinuzzi, F., Jayme, N.S., Monterisi, S., Fattorini, R., Cesco, S. and Pii, Y. 2023. An insight into the role of the organic acids produced by Enterobacter sp. strain 15S in solubilizing tricalcium phosphate: in situ study on cucumber. BMC Microbiology 23(1):184. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-02918-6
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher. 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Scientific Journal by Eko Handayanto is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://ub.ac.id.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://ircmedmind.ub.ac.id/.
This work is licensed under a 