Mercury-resistant biofilm-forming bacteria and local plants in phytoremediation of small-scale gold mine tailings in Lombok Island, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2023.103.4305Keywords:
bacterial biofilms, gold mine tailings, local plants, phytoremediation, soil pollutionAbstract
Small-scale gold mining is one of the sectors that contribute to the world's largest mercury contamination through the tailings it produces. Many efforts have been made to reduce mercury concentrations from tailings, one of which is by utilizing a combination of plants and bacteria. This study aims to analyze the combination of mercury-resistant biofilm-forming bacteria and local plants in the phytoremediation of small-scale gold mine tailings. This study used ten plant species divided into three groups and three biofilm-forming mercury-resistant bacteria (Bacillus toyonensis, Burkholderia cepacia, and Microbacterium chocolatum). Parameters observed included plant biomass, total chlorophyll, plant mercury content and media. The results showed that adding bacteria to each plant in the treatment had a different effect. Some plants with the addition of biofilm-forming bacteria had a higher wet weight than others. However, the addition of bacteria was not effective in increasing plant dry weight. The combination of biofilm-forming bacteria in the first and second plant groups reduced tailings mercury concentrations better than without the addition of bacteria. The combination of plants and bacteria in the third group gave higher media and plant mercury concentrations. This study shows that the addition of biofilm-forming bacteria can lead to increased remediation by plants. The second plant group treatment with a combination of P. indica, P. conjugatum, and S. sesban plants was the most effective in reducing tailings mercury content.References
Adji, S.S. 2005. Rehabilitation of paddy soil contaminated with heavy metals Pb and Cd through phytoremediation. Jurnal Matematika, Sains, dan Teknologi 6(2):63-70 (in Indonesian).
Apsari, L., Kusumawati, E. and Susanto, D. 2018. Phytoremediation of laundry liquid waste using water jasmine (Echinodorus palaefolius) and water hyacinth (Monochoria vaginalis). Bioprospek 13(2):29-38, doi:10.30872/bp.v13i2.424 (in Indonesian).
Ashraf, M.A., Maah, M.J. and Yusoff, I. 2011. Heavy metals accumulation in plants growing in ex-tin mining catchment. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology 8(1):401-416, doi:10.1007/BF03326227.
Ayangbenro, A.S. and Babalola, O.O. 2017. A new strategy for heavy metal polluted environments: a review of microbial biosorbents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14(1):1-16, doi:10.3390/ijerph14010094.
Bogino, P.C., Oliva, M., Sorroche, F.G. and Giordano, W. 2013. The role of bacterial biofilms and surface components in plant-bacterial associations. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14(8):15838-15859, doi:10.3390/ijms140815838.
Chibuike, G.U. and Obiora, S.C. 2014. Heavy metal polluted soils: effect on plants and bioremediation methods. Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2014(752708):1-12, doi:10.1155/2014/752708.
Dranguet, P., Le Faucheur, S. and Slaveykova, V.I. 2017. Mercury bioavailability, transformations, and effects on freshwater biofilms. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 36(12):3194-3205, doi:10.1002/etc.3934.
Ebert, C., Tuchscherr, L., Unger, N., Pöllath, C., Gladigau, F., Popp, J., Löffler, B. and Neugebauer, U. 2021. Correlation of crystal violet biofilm test results of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates with Raman Spectroscopic read-out. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. 2021(52):2660–2670, doi:10.1002/jrs.6237.
Ekyastuti, W., Astiani, D. and Roslinda, E. 2016. Prospect of indigenous plant species for revegetation in the tailings area of ex-community gold mine. Biodiversitas 17(2):764-768, doi:10.13057/biodiv/d170252.
Esdaile, L.J. and Chalker, J.M. 2018. The mercury problem in artisanal and small-scale gold mining. Chemistry - A European Journal 24(27):6905-6916, doi:10.1002/chem.201704840.
Gupta, P. and Diwan, B. 2017. Bacterial exopolysaccharide mediated heavy metal removal: a review on biosynthesis, mechanism and remediation strategies. Biotechnology Reports 13(2017):58-71, doi:10.1016/ j.btre.2016.12.006.
Hagan. N., Robins, N., Hsu-Kim, H., Halabi, S., Gonzales, R.D.E., Ecos, E., Richter, D. and Vandenberg, J. 2015. Mercury hair levels and factors that influence exposure for residents of Huancavelica, Peru. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 37(3):507-514. doi:10.1007/s10653-014-9665-9.
Hamim, H., Miftahudin, M. and Setyaningsih, L. 2018. Cellular and ultrastructure alteration of plant roots in response to metal stress. In: Ratnadewi, D and Hamim, H. (eds.). Plant Growth and Regulation: Alteration to Sustain Unfavourable Conditions. London (GB): IntechOpen. pp. 21-41, doi:10.5772/intechopen.79110.
Haque, M.M., Mosharaf, M.K., Khatun, M., Haque , M.A., Biswas, M.S., Islam, M.S., Islam, M.M., Shozib, H.B., Miah, M.M.U., Molla, A.H. and Siddiquee, M.A. 2020. Biofilm-producing rhizobacteria with multiple plant growth-promoting traits promote the growth of tomatoes under water-deficit stress. Frontiers in Microbiology 11(542053):1-25, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.542053.
Heidl, J.E., Heckel, B.C., Mohari, B., Feirer N. and Fuqua, C. 2014. Mechanisms and regulation of surface interactions and biofilm formation in Agrobacterium. Frontiers in Plant Science 5(5):1-21, doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00176.
Hendriyani, I.K., Nurchayati, Y. and Setiari, N. 2018. Contents of chlorofil and carotenoid of beans (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in the different age of plants. Jurnal Biologi Tropika 1(2):38-43, doi:10.14710/jbt.1.2.38-43 (in Indonesian).
Hendro G., Adji, T.B. and Setiawan, N.A. 2012. Use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methodology to reduce factors affecting coronary heart disease. 2012. Proceedings of National Seminar “Science, Engineering and Technologyâ€, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia (in Indonesian).
Hernández-Montiel, L.G., Chiquito-Contreras, C.J., Murillo-Amador, B., Vidal-Hernández, L., Quiñones-Aguilar, E.E. and Chiquito-Contreras, R.G. 2017. Efficiency of two inoculation methods of Pseudomonas putida on growth and yield of tomato plants. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 17(4):1003-1012, doi:10.4067/S0718-95162017000400012.
Kasim, W.A., Gaafar, R.M., Abou-Ali, R.M., Omar M.N. and Hewait, H.M.. 2016. Effect of biofilm-forming plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on salinity tolerance in barley. Annals of Agricultural Science 61(2):217-227, doi:10.1016/j.aoas.2016.07.003.
Li, Y., He, N., Hou, J., Xu, L., Liu, C., Zhang, J., Wang, Q., Zhang, X. and Wu, X. 2018. Factors influencing leaf chlorophyll content in natural forests at the biome scale. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 6(64):1-10, doi:10.3389/fevo.2018.00064.
Liu, F., Ma, H., Peng, L., Ma, B. and Liu, X. 2019. Effect of the inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on the photosynthetic characteristics of Sambucus williamsii Hance container seedlings under drought stress. AMB Express 9(1):1-9, doi:10.1186/s13568-019-0899-x.
Mishra, J., Singh, R. and Arora, N.K. 2017. Alleviation of heavy metal stress in plants and remediation of soil by rhizosphere microorganisms. Frontiers in Microbiology 8(9):1-7, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01706.
Muddarisna, N., Krisnayanti, B.D., Utami, S.R. and Handayanto, E. 2013. The potential of wild plants for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with mercury of gold cyanidation tailings. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 4(1):15-19, doi:10.9790/2402-0411519.
Nurfitriani, S., Arisoesilaningsih, E., Nuraini, Y. and Handayanto, E. 2022. Biofilm formation by mercury-resistant bacteria from polluted soil small-scale gold mining waste. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 23(2):992-999, doi:10.13057/biodiv/d230242
Quijas, S., Jackson, L.E., Maass, M., Schmid, B., Raffaelli, D. and Balvanera, P. 2012. Plant diversity and generation of ecosystem services at the landscape scale: expert knowledge assessment. Journal of Applied Ecology 49(4):929-940, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02153.x.
Sharma, P. 2022. Role and significance of biofilm-forming microbes in phytoremediation -a review. Environmental Technology & Innovation 25(102182):1-17, doi:10.1016/j.eti.2021.102182.
Song, A.N. and Banyo, Y. 2011. Leaf chlorophyll concentration as an indicator of water deficiency in plants. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains 11(2):166-174 (in Indonesian).
Soraya, R.K., Takarina, N.D. and Soedjiarti, T. 2019. Metals accumulation (Cu, Zn and Pb) in mangrove-associated plants from Blanakan brackish water pond, Subang District, West Java. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Current Progress in Mathematics and Sciences (ISCPMS2018). AIP Conference Proceedings 2168(020086):1-12, doi:10.1063/1.5132513.
Sudarsan, J., Annadurai, R., Kumar, K.S. and Nithiyanantham. S. 2018. Heavy metal removal using different parts of Typha latifolia. Journal of Bionanoscience 12(1):87-91, doi:10.1166/jbns.2018.1493.
Tangahu, B.V., Rozaimah, S., Abdullah, S., Basri, H., Idris, M., Anuar, N. and Mukhlisin, M. 2011. A review on heavy metals (As, Pb, and Hg) uptake by plants through phytoremediation. International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2011(1):31, doi:10.1155/2011/939161.
Varun, M., Ogunkunle, C.O., D’Souza, R., Favas, P. and Paul, M. 2017. Identification of Sesbania sesban (L.) as an efficient and well adapted phytoremediation tool for Cd-polluted soil. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 98(2017):867-873, doi:10.1007/s00128-017-2094-6.
Zhou, Y. and Gao, X. 2019. Characterization of biofilm formed by phenanthrene-degrading bacteria on rice root surfaces for reduction of PAH contamination in rice. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16(11):1-14, doi:10.3390/ijerph16112002.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher. 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Scientific Journal by Eko Handayanto is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://ub.ac.id.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://ircmedmind.ub.ac.id/.
This work is licensed under a 