Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and organic ameliorant for corn growth and yield increment in Inceptisols
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2022.093.3445Keywords:
corn waste, inorganic fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, soil organic matterAbstract
Since Inceptisols, in general, contain low soil organic matter and major plant nutrients, inorganic fertilizers are commonly added during corn cultivation. In order to maintain long-term soil health and fertility, bioferilizer and organic ameliorant application are suggested. The addition of nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria (NFB) can benefit plant growth through the supply of available nitrogen for plant uptake. Organic ameliorants can enhance soil chemical and biological properties. A field trial had been performed to observe the effect of biofertilizer and organic ameliorant on corn growth, N status in soil and plant, and the yield and wasteof corn. The experiment was designed in a Completely Randomized Block Design that consisted of four treatments and six replications. The treatments were 1.2 kg/ha N-fixing mixed biofertilizer, 2 t/ha organic ameliorant, and mixtures of biofertilizer and ameliorant. Control plants received neither biofertilizer nor ameliorant. The experiment results found that N-fixing biofertilizer and ameliorant increased plant height, fully-developed leaves number, soil reaction and N uptake of corn compared to the control. The total-N content was slightly increased after NFB inoculation with and without amelioration over other treatments. Plots treated with biofertilizer and ameliorant produced a higher grain weight compared to the control treatment. Corn wastes such as empty corn cob and husk weight were increased in plants treated with biofertilizer, ameliorant and a combination of both. This study suggested that the combined application of biofertilizer and ameliorant produced 66% more grain yield and 84 % more cob and husk waste compared to untreated plants.
References
Amanda, A.P., Fitriatin, B.N. and Sofyan, E.T. 2018. Consortium of biological fertilizers and organic ameliorants on soil nitrogen and growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Inceptisols. Jurnal Agrotek Indonesia 3(2):03-106. doi:10.33661/jai.v3i2.1373 (in Indonesian)
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 2019. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 21st Edition. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD.
Arwinsyah, Tafsin. M. and Yunilas. 2019. Effect of bio activator use on corn cobs as a complete feed on performance and digestibility of local sheep. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 260(2019):012047, doi:10.1088/1755-1315/260/1/012047.
Bag, P., Panda, P., Paramanik, B., Mahato, B. and Choudhury, A. 2017. Atmospheric nitrogen-fixing capacity of Azotobacter isolate from Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri Districts soil of West Bengal. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6:1775-1788, doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2017.603.204.
Bastida, F., Eldridge, D.J., GarcÃa, C., Png, G.K., Bardgett, R.D. and Delgado-Baquerizo, M. 2021. Soil microbial diversity–biomass relationships are driven by soil carbon content across global biomes. ISME Journal 15:2081–2091, doi:10.1038/s41396-021-00906-0.
Ben-David, A. and Davidson, C.E. 2014. Estimation method for serial dilution experiments. Journal of Microbiological Methods 107:214-221, doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2014.08.023.
Chen, J., Shen, W., Xu, H., Li, Y. and Luo, T. 2019. The composition of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms correlates with soil nitrogen content during reforestation: A comparison between legume and non-legume plantations. Frontier in Microbiology 10:508, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00508.
Defar, G., Urgie, M. and Melaku, S. 2017. Effect of urea treatment and concentrate mix supplementations on feed intake and digestibility of Horro sheep fed cured maize husk (Zea mays) at Bako, Western Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research 2(17):1459-1465, doi:10.5897/AJAR2016.11883.
Fornari, E.Z., Gaviraghi, L., Basso, C.J. Pinheiro, M.V.M., Vian, Santi, A.L. 2020. Relationship between photosynthetic pigments and corn production under nitrogen sources. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical 50: e63661.
Grzyb, A., Wolna-Maruwka, A. and Niewiadomska, A. 2020. Environmental factors affecting the mineralization of crop residues. Agronomy 10(12):1951, doi:10.1590/1983-40632020v5063661.
Guo, Z., Han, J., Li, J., Xu, Y. and Wang, X. 2019. Correction: Effects of long-term fertilization on soil organic carbon mineralization and microbial community structure. PLOS ONE 14(4):e0216006, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216006.
Haryati, U., Irawan and Maswar. 2021. Application of mulch and soil ameliorant for increasing soil productivity and its financial analysis on shallots farming in the upland. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 648 (2021): 012155, doi:10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012155.
Jnawali, A.D., Ojha, R.B. and Marahatta, S. 2015. Role of Azotobacter in soil fertility and sustainability-A Review. Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research 2(6):1-5.
Kalay, A.M., Hindersah, R., Ngabalin, I.A., Jamlean, M. 2020. Utilization of biological fertilizers and organic matter on the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata). Agric 32(2):129-138, doi:10.24246/agric.2020.v32.i2.p129-138 (in Indonesian).
Ladha, J.K., Padre, A., Reddy, C.K., Cassman, K., Verma, S., Powlson, D.S., van Kessel, C., Richter, D.D., Chakraborty, D. and Pathak, S. 2016. Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: a 50-year assessment for maize, rice and wheat production systems. Science Reports 6:19355, doi:10.1038/srep19355.
Maftu’ah, E., Susilawati, A. and Hayati, A. 2019. Effectiveness of ameliorant and fertilizer on improving soil fertility, growth and yields of red chili in degraded peatland. IOP Conference Series: Earth Environmental Science 393(2019):012011, doi:10.1088/1755-1315/393/1/012011.
Malyuta, O., Gordeeva, T. and Yatmanova, N. 2020. Non-traditional fertilizers as soil ameliorants: The study of usefulness. BIO Web Conferene 17(2020):00120, doi:10.1051/bioconf/20201700120,
Massah, J. and Azadegan, B. 2016. Effect of chemical fertilizers on soil compaction and degradation. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa & Latin America 47(1):44-50,
Mukhtar, H., Bashir, H. and Nawaz, A. 2018. Optimization of growth conditions for Azotobacter species and their use as biofertilizer. Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology 6(5):274–278, doi:10.15406/jbmoa.2018.06.00217,
Muslim, R.Q., Kricella, P., Pratamaningsih, M.M., Purwanto, S., Suryani, E. and Ritung, S. 2020. Characteristics of Inceptisols derived from basaltic andesite from several locations in volcanic landform. SAINS TANAH – Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 17(2):115-121, doi:10.20961/stjssa.v17i2.38221.
Neina, D. 2019. The Role of soil pH in plant nutrition and soil remediation. Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2019:5794869, doi:10.1155/2019/5794869.
Neswati, R., Lopulisa, C., Rivananda. and Basir, A. 2019. Characteristics and classification of soil formed from Banda recent volcanic ash on various topographic positions. IOP Conference Series.: Earth and Environmental Science 280:012017, doi:10.1088/1755-1315/280/1/012017.
Ning, C-C., Gao, P-D., Wang, B-Q, Lin, W-P, Jiang, N-H. and Cai, K-Z. 2017. Impacts of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic amendments supplementation on soil nutrient, enzyme activity and heavy metal content. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 16(8):1819-1831, doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61476-4.
Puente, M.L., Gualpa, J.L., Lopez, G.A., Molina, R.M., Carletti, S.M. and Cassán, F.D. 2018. The benefits of foliar inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in soybean are explained by an auxin signaling model. Symbiosis 76:41-49, doi:10.1007/s13199-017-0536-x.
Reuter, D.J and Robinson, J.B. 1988. Plant Analysis and Interpretation Manual. Ikata Press, Sydney. pp. 219.
Samson, R., Ningal, T., Tiwary, A., Grote, R., Fares, S., Saaroni, H., Hiemstra, J.A., Zhiyanski, M., Vilhar, U., Carinanos, P., Järvi, L., Przybysz, A., Moretti, M. and Zürcher, N. 2017. Species-Specific Information for Enhancing Ecosystem Services. In: Pearlmutter, D. et al. (eds.), The Urban Forest, Future City. Springer International Publishing AG., pp 111-132.
Sayyed, R.Z., Reddy, M.S., Kumar, K.V., Yellareddygari, S.K.R., Deshmukh, A.M., Patel, P.R. and Gangurde, N.S. 2012. Potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for sustainable agriculture bacteria. In: Maheshwari, D.K. (ed). Bacteria in Agrobiology: Plant Probiotics. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp 287-313.
Song, Z., Gaob, H., Zhu, P., Peng, C., Denga, A., Zheng, C., Manna, M.A., Islam, M.N. and Zhang, W. 2015. Organic amendments increase corn yield by enhancing soil resilience to climate change. The Crop Journal 3(2):110-117, doi:0.1016/j.cj.2015.01.004.
Subiksa, I.G.M. and Husnain. 2019. Effect of organomineral soil amendment for acid upland on soil chemical properties and growth of maize. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 3(1):23-30. doi:10.21082/jpptp.v3n1.2019.p23-30 (in Indonesian).
Syafruddin, Rauf, M., Arvan, R.Y. and Akil, M. 2009. Requirements for N, P, and K fertilizers on Inceptisol Haplustepts soil. Indonesian Journal of Agriculture 2(1), 2009:77-84 77.
Syamsiyah, J., Sumarno, Suryono, Sari, W. and Anwar, M. 2018. Chemical properties of Inceptisol and rice yields applied with mixed source fertilizer (MSF). Journal of Tropical Soils 23(1):1-9, doi:10.5400/jts.2018.v23i1.1-9.
Tanveera, A., Kanth, T.A., Tali, P.A. and Naikoo, M. 2016. Relation of soil bulk density with texture, total organic matter content and porosity in the soils of Kandi area of Kashmir valley, India. International Research Journal of Earth Sciences 4(1):1-6, doi:10.9734/JGEESI/2016/21344.
Verma, R., Chourasia, S.K. and Jha, M.N. 2011. Population dynamics and identification of efficient strains of Azospirillum in maize ecosystems of Bihar (India). 3 Biotech 1:247=253, doi:10.1007/s13205-011-0031-7.
Videira, S.S., Messias de Oliveira, D., Fiusa de Morais, R., Borges, W.L., Baldani, V.L.D. and Baldani, R.I. 2012. Genetic diversity and plant growth promoting traits of diazotrophic bacteria isolated from two Pennisetum purpureum Schum. genotypes grown in the field. Plant and Soil 356:51–66, doi:10.1007/s11104-011-1082-6.
Wang, X-W., Cai, H., Liu, Y-L., Li, C-L., Wan, Y-S., Song, F-P and Chen, W.F. 2019. Addition of organic fertilizer affects soil nitrogen availability in a salinized fluvo-aquic soil. Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability 31(1):331-338, doi:10.1080/26395940.2019.1700827.
Widaningsih, N., Dharmawati, S. and Puspitasari, N. 2018. Crude protein and crude fiber contents of fermented corn cobs using different levels of buffalo rumen fluid. Ziraa’ah 43(3):255-265 (in Indonesian).
Wijanarko, A. and Purwanto, B.H. 2017. Effect of land use and organic matter on nitrogen and carbon labile fractions in a Typic Hapludult. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 4(3):837-843, doi:10.15243/jdmlm.2017.043.837.
Woźniak, M., Gałązka, A., Tyśkiewicz, R. and Jaroszuk-Ściseł, J. 2019. Endophytic bacteria potentially promote plant growth by synthesizing different metabolites and their phenotypic/physiological profiles in the Biolog GEN III MicroPlateTM Test. International Journal of Molecular Science 20(21):5283, doi:10.3390/ijms20215283.
Zulaika, E., Solikhah, F., Alami, N.H., Kuswytasari, N.D. and Shovitri, M. 2017. Viability of Azotobacter consortium in auxin production. AIP Conference Proceedings 1854:20041, doi:10.1063/1.4985432.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher. 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Scientific Journal by Eko Handayanto is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://ub.ac.id.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://ircmedmind.ub.ac.id/.
This work is licensed under a 