Coagulation and adsorption techniques for purification of the amalgamation slurry waste

Mohammad Nurcholis; E Nursanto; H E B Sakti; D F Yudiantoro; D Haryanto

doi:10.15243/jdmlm.2020.072.2001

Coagulation and adsorption techniques for purification of the amalgamation slurry waste

Mohammad Nurcholis, E Nursanto, H E B Sakti, D F Yudiantoro, D Haryanto

J. Degrade. Min. Land Manage. , pp. 2001-2010

Viewed : 455 times

DOI https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2020.072.2001

Abstract

Amalgamation in the processing of community gold mines may leave slurry waste with the potential for heavy metal contamination of the environment. Technical studies for handling these wastes are very necessary to process the waste using a simple and applicable manner in the community. The purpose of this study was to examine the coagulation-adsorption technique of liquid waste from the amalgamation process. Slurry waste samples from the amalgamation process were collected from amalgamation sites in Boto Village, Wonogiri regency which had the highest Hg and Pb levels in the slurry. The coagulation-adsorption process is carried out by a continuous process with the gravitational flow because the area of the amalgamation process has a steep slope. Coagulation of particles in the slurry used two kinds of natural ingredients, i.e. papaya seed, and moringa seed extracts. The adsorption was conducted using two types of minerals, i.e. Ca-bentonite and zeolite which had been activated. The results of this study showed that the coagulation process was a simple process to purify amalgamation slurry waste and reduce the levels of Fe, Mn, Hg, and Pb metals. Then the following step by using the absorption process to produce clear water from amalgamation liquid waste and reduce the levels of Fe and Mn metals. Coagulation using papaya seeds might purify amalgamation slurry waste and reduce heavy metal content of Fe 99.996%; Mn 99.994%; Pb 100%; Hg 100%. Based on these results, the Hg and Pb metals were metals that were very easy to settle. Adsorption on the liquid result of the coagulation process using unactivated zeolite reduced the metal content of Fe> 99.40% and Mn> 88.69%.

Keywords

adsorption; coagulation; heavy metals; slurry

Full Text:

PDF

References

.Aidha, N.N. 2013. Physical and chemical zeolite activation to reduce bases (Ca and Mg) levels in ground water. Jurnal Kimia Kemasan 35(1): 58-64 (in Indonesian).

Annicaert, B, 2013. Treatment of Tailings From Artisanal Gold Mining In Nicaragua, Thesis, Bioscience Engineering. Universiteit Gent.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W. and Nichols, M.C. 2010. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, VA 20151-1110,USA.http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/.

Anwar, F. and Rashid, U. 2007. Physico-chemical characteristics of Moringa oleifera seeds and seed oil from a wild provenance of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany 39(5): 1443-1453.

Choy, S.Y., Prasad, K.M., Wu, T.Y., Raghunandan, M.E. and Ramanan, R.N. 2014, Utilization of plant-based natural coagulants as future alternatives towards sustainable water clarification. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) 26(11): 2178-2189.

Dainyak, L.G., Drits, V.A., Zviagina, B.N. and Lindgreen, H. 2006. Cation redistribution in the octahedral sheet during diagenesis of illite-smectites from Jurassic and Cambrian oil source rock shales. Journal of American Mineralogist 91(4): 589-603.

de Andrade Lima, L.R.P., Bernardez, L.A. and Barbosa, L.A.D. 2008. Characterization and treatment of artisanal gold mine tailings. Journal of Hazardous Materials 150(3): 747-753.

Fernández-Nava, Y., Ulmanu, M., Anger, I., Marañón, E. and Castrillón, L. 2011. Use of granular bentonite in the removal of mercury (II), cadmium (II) and lead (II) from aqueous solutions. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 215(1-4): 239-249.

Ghadiri, M., Chrzanowski, W. and Rohanizadeh, R. 2015. Biomedical applications of cationic clay minerals. RSC Advances 5(37): 29467-29481.

Johan, E., Yamada, T., Munthali, M.W., Kabwadza-Corner, P., Aono, H. and Matsue, N. 2015. Natural zeolites as potential materials for decontamination of radioactive cesium. Procedia Environmental Sciences 28: 52-56. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of Sustain Society. doi: 10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.008

Khachatryan, S.V. 2014. Heavy Metal Adsorption by Armenian Natural Zeolite from Natural Aqueous Solutions, Proceeding of the Yerevan State University Chemistry and Biology, Yerevan, vol. 2, pp 31-35.

Nurcholis, M. and Buntoro, A. 2012. Growth of interlayer material in smectite clay minerals in Leptic Hapludert soils developing on Ca-Bentonite in Nanggulan Kulon Progo. Forum Geografi 27:178-189 (in Indonesian).

Nurcholis, M. and Tokashiki, Y. 1998. Characterization of kaolin/smectite mixed layer mineral in Paleudult of Java Island. Clay science 10(4): 291-302.

Pich, B., Warmada, I.W., Hendrayana, H. and Yoneda, T. 2010. Groundwater in Yogyakarta urban area, Indonesia. Journal of SE Asian Applied Geology 2(1): 12–19.

Saini, R.K., Sivanesan, I. and Keum, Y.S. 2016. Phytochemicals of Moringa oleifera: a review of their nutritional, therapeutic and industrial significance. 3 Biotech 6(2): 203.

Shamshuddin, J. and Anda, M. 2008, Charge properties of soils in Malaysia dominated by kaolinite, gibbsite, goethite and hematite. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 54: 27.

Teschernich, R.W. 1992. Zeolites of the World. Geoscience Press.