The Effect of biochar on soil chemical properties of tidal wetland in Jambi, Indonesia, and growth and yield of various rice varieties

Authors

  • Riezky Pratama Panjaitan Master Program in Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University, Jl. Jambi - Muara Bulian, KM 15, Mendalo Indah, Jambi 36361, Indonesia
  • Aryunis Master Program in Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University, Jl. Jambi - Muara Bulian, KM 15, Mendalo Indah, Jambi 36361, Indonesia
  • Wiskandar Master Program in Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University, Jl. Jambi - Muara Bulian, KM 15, Mendalo Indah, Jambi 36361, Indonesia, Scopus ID: 57952537200 https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2752-7972

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2024.121.6899

Keywords:

coconut shell biochar , rice husk biochar, rice variety, tidal wetland

Abstract

The study aimed to determine the effect of biochar on the growth and yield of several rice varieties in a tidal wetland agroecosystem. This research used a split-plot design with the main plot was biochar application, consisting of three levels (no biochar, rice husk biochar, and coconut shell biochar), and the subplot was rice variety consisting of ten varieties (Inpara, Inpari 30, Kuning, Karya Rendah, Bujang Pelawah, Pandan Wangi, Bujang Berinai, Kwatek Tinggi, Candu, and Serai). Plant parameters observed were plant height, number of tillers, productive tillers, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, number of empty grains per panicle, milled rice weight, and weight of 1,000 grains. Results of this study showed that the application of biochar improved soil fertility by increasing organic carbon, available phosphorus and potassium, cation exchange capacity, and reducing the soluble iron in the soil. However, the application of biochar did not significantly affect the height of rice plants. The application of coconut shell biochar yielded the best results in increasing the number of productive tillers, the number of grains per panicle, grain dry weight, and reducing the number of empty grains per panicle.

References

Achmadi, A. and Las, I. 2006. Innovation in agricultural development technology in swampy areas. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Integrated Management of Swampy Areas. Balittra. Banjarbaru (in Indonesian).

Alwi, M. and Hairani, A. 2018. Aluminum and iron toxicity in rice plants in tidal acid sulfate swamp land and efforts for its mitigation. pp. 13-35. In: Masganti, M., Simatupang, R.S., Alwi, M., Khairuilah, I. and Nurzakiah, S. (eds.), Technological Innovations for Tidal Acid Sulfate Swamp Land to Support Food Sovereignty. Rajawali Press, Depok (in Indonesian).

Aryunis, A. 2012. Evaluation of the quality of local tidal rice grains from Tungkal Ilir District, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency. Jurnal Penelitian Universitas Jambi Seri Sains 4(2):47-50 (in Indonesian).

Gani, A. 2009. Biochar saves the environment. Warta Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 31(6):15-16 (in Indonesian).

Hadid, A., Wahyudi, I. and Sarif, P. 2015. Growth and yield of mustard plants (Brassica juncea L.) due to the application of various doses of urea fertilizer. Jurnal Agrotekbis 3(5):585-591 (in Indonesian).

Herhandini, D.A., Suntari, R. and Citraresmini, A. 2021. The effect of rice husk biochar and compost application on soil chemical properties, maize growth, and phosphorus uptake on an Ultisol. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 8(2):385-394 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.2.10

Ippolito, J.A., Laird, D.A. and Busscher, W.J. 2012. Environmental benefits of biochar. Journal of Environmental Quality 41(4):967-972. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0151

Maftu'ah, E., Lestari, Y., Pangaribuan, E.B. and Mayasari, V. 2021. Amelioration of actual acid sulfate soils to improve soil chemical properties and rice yields. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 648:012167. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012167

Makarim, A.K. and Suhartatik, E. 2007. Morphology and Physiology of Rice Plants. Rice Research Centre of Indonesia. pp. 295-330 (in Indonesian).

Masulili, A. 2015. Management of acid sulfate land for agricultural development. Jurnal Agrosains Universitas Panca Bhakti 12(2):1-13 (in Indonesian).

Nigussie, A., Kissi, E., Misganaw, M. and Ambaw, G. 2012. Effect of biochar on soil properties and crop yield: A review. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management 3(3):62-68. https://doi.org/10.5897/jssem11.127

Novak, J.M., Lima, I.M., Xing, B., Gaskin, J.W., Steiner, C., Das, K.C., Ahmedna, M., Rehrah, D., Watts, D.W., Busscher, W.J. and Schomberg, H. 2009. Influence of biochar on soil properties and nutrient dynamics in a coastal plain soil. Geoderma 150(3-4):293-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.02.013

Nurida, N.L. 2014. Potential use of biochar for dry land rehabilitation in Indonesia. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan 8(3):57-68 (in Indonesian).

Priatmadi, B.J. and Haris, A. 2009. Acidification reaction of pyrite compounds in tidal swamp soils. Journal of Tropical Soil 14(1):19-24 (in Indonesian). https://doi.org/10.5400/jts.2009.v14i1.19-24

Rohitha, D.S., Mamatha, B., Desai, N., Reddy, K.M.S., Gayathri, B. and Prakasha, H.C. 2022. Effect of coconut shell biochar on physical and chemical properties and available major nutrient status of acidic soil. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 34 (23):1147-1153. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i232528

Rondon, M.A., Lehmann, J., Ramírez, J. and Hurtado, M. 2007. Biological nitrogen fixation by common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) increases with bio-char additions. Biology and Fertility of Soils 43(6):699-708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-006-0152-z

Salaswati, B., Muhammad, K., Indrianto, and Rahim, T. 2016. Potency of rice husk biochar on modifying soil pH, CEC, organic C, and available P in soil in wetland rice Inceptisols. Jurnal Agroland 23(2):101-109 Indonesian).

Setyorini, D., Suriadikarta, D.A. and Nurjaya, N. 2010. Recommendations for Rice Fertilization on Newly Opened Paddy Fields. In: Agus, A., Wahyunto, and Santoso, D. (eds.), Newly Opened Paddy Fields. Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture of Indonesia.

Smilde, K.W., Saragih, S., Masganti, M., Noor, K., Anwar, K., Subagyo, K. and Vadari, T. 1992. Agronomic experiment. Acid sulphate soils in the humid tropics: Water Management and Soil Fertility. AARD/LAWOO. Jakarta.

Steiner, C. 2007. Biochar carbon sequestration and soil management. In: Lehmann, J. and Steiner, C. (eds.). Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology (pp. 402-422). Earthscan.

Wibawa, W. and Sugandi D. 2016. Tiller formation patterns of different rice varieties and the number of seedlings per hole in suboptimal lands in Bengkulu Province. Proceedings of the Seminar: Realizing Food Sovereignty on Suboptimal Lands through Site-Specific Agricultural Technology Innovations. Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia (in Indonesian).

Downloads

Submitted

14-07-2024

Accepted

10-09-2024

Published

01-10-2024

How to Cite

Panjaitan, R. P., Aryunis, & Wiskandar, W. (2024). The Effect of biochar on soil chemical properties of tidal wetland in Jambi, Indonesia, and growth and yield of various rice varieties. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, 12(1), 6899–6904. https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2024.121.6899

Issue

Section

Research Article