Peak flood volume and its suspended sediment at various rainfall in Kedungbulus catchment in Gombong, Central Java, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2021.091.3211Keywords:
flood volume, rainfall properties, suspended sedimentAbstract
Flood is a natural disaster that frequently happens and causes many material and immaterial losses. During flooding, the suspended sediment is carried along by the streamflow. The amount of sediment transported varies and depends on natural and anthropogenic factors. Limited studies have been conducted regarding the relationship between peak flood volume and its sediment content. Therefore, a study with the purpose to understand the relationship of rainfall characteristics, peak flood volume, and suspended sediment was undertaken in Kedungbulus Catchment in Gombong, Central Java, Indonesia. The size of Kedungbulus catchment is 37.8 km2. To collect the required data, an automatic stream water level recorder was installed in the outlet of the catchment. In addition, an automatic and two conventional rain gauges were set up inside the catchment. Hydrograph and statistical analysis were conducted on 2016-2017 data. The results showed that during the study period, the highest peak flood volume occurred on October 8, 2016. The flood duration was 490 minutes, with the time to peak was 135 minutes. At the highest peak flood volume, the stream water was 5,091,221 m3, and the suspended sediment was around 2,394 tons. Rainfall depth significantly affects the peak flood volume and its suspended sediment. The rainfall intensity and Antecedent Soil Moisture Content (ASMC) weakly correlate with peak flood volume and its suspended sediment content.
References
Apollonio, C., Balacco, G., Novelli, A., Tarantino, E. and Piccinni, A.F 2016. Land use change impact on flooding areas: The case study of Cervaro Basin (Italy). Sustainability 8(996):1-18, doi:10. 10.3390/su8100996.
Asfaha, T.G., Frankl, A., Haile, M., Zenebe, A. and Nyssen, J. 2015. Determinants of peak discharge in steep mountain catchments – case of the Rift Valley escarpment of Northern Ethiopia. Journal of Hydrology 529(3):1725-1739, doi.org/10.1016/j. jhydrol.2015.08.013.
Ayalew, T.B., Krajewski, W.F. and Mantilla, R. 2014. Connecting the power-law scaling structure of peak-discharges to spatially variable rainfall and catchment physical properties. Advances in Water Resources 71:32–43, doi:10.1016/j.advwatres. 2014.05.009.
Basuki, T.M., Wijaya, W.W. and Adi, R.N. 2017. Specific peak discharge of two catchments covered by teak forest with different area percentages. Forum Geografi 31(1):118-127, doi: 10.23917/forgeo.v31i1.3236.
Basuki, T.M., Pramono, I.B., Adi, R.N., Nugrahanto, E.B., Auliyani, D. and Wijaya, W.W. 2018. Temporal distribution of sediment yield from catchments covered by different pine plantation areas. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 5(3):1259-1268, doi:10.15243/jdmlm.2018.053.1259.
Damallage, T.L. and Jayasinghe, N.T. 2019. Land-use change and its impact on urban flooding: A case study on Colombo District flood on May 2016. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9(2):3887-3891.
De Girolamo, A.M., Pappagallo, G. and Porto, L.A. 2015. Temporal variability of suspended sediment transport and rating curves in a Mediterranean river basin: The Celone (SE Italy). Catena 128:135–143, doi:10.1016/j.catena.2014.09.020.
Defersha, M.B. and Melesse, A.M. 2012. Field-scale investigation of the effect of land use on sediment yield and runoff using runoff plot data and models in the Mara River basin, Kenya. Catena 89(1):54–64, doi:10.1016/j.catena.2011.07.010.
Dominic, J.A., Aris, A.Z. and Sulaiman, W.N.A. 2015. Factors controlling the suspended sediment yield during rainfall events of dry and wet weather conditions in a tropical urban catchment. Water Resources Management 29: 4519-4538, doi:10.1007/s11269-015-1073-0.
Duvert, C., Nord, G., Gratiot, N., Navratil, O., Nadal-Romero, E., Mathys, N., Némery, J., Regüés, D., GarcÃa-Ruiz, J.M., Gallart, F. and Esteves, M. 2012. Towards prediction of suspended sediment yield from peak discharge in small erodible mountainous catchments (0.45–22 km2) of France, Mexico and Spain. Journal of Hydrology 454-455:42-55, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.05.048.
Fang, N-F., Shi, Z-H., Li, L., Guo, Z-L., Liu, Q-J. and Ai, L. 2012. The effects of rainfall regimes and land use changes on runoff and soil loss in a small mountainous watershed. Catena 99:1-8, doi:10.1016/j.catena.2012.07.004.
Fang, N-F., Shi, Z-H., Yue, B.J., Wang, L. 2013. The characteristics of extreme erosion events in a small mountainous watershed. PLoS ONE 8(10):1-10 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076610.
Geris, J., Tetzlaff, D., Mcdonnell, J. and Soulsby, C. 2015. The relative role of soil type and tree cover on water storage and transmission in northern headwater catchments. Hydrological Processes 29(7): 1844–1860, doi:10.1002/hyp.10289.
Kundu, P.M. and Olang, L.O. 2011. The impact of land use change on runoff and peak flood discharges for the Nyando River in Lake Victoria drainage basin, Kenya. WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment 153: 83-94.
Liu, Y.B., De Smedt, F., Hoffmann, L and Pfister, L. 2004. Assessing land use impacts on flood processes in complex terrain by using GIS and modeling approach. Environmental Modeling and Assessment 9:227–235.
Myronidis, D. and Ioannou, K. 2018. Forecasting the urban expansion effects on the design storm hydrograph and sediment yield using artificial neural networks. Water 11(31):1-17, doi:10.3390/w11010031.
Nadal-Romero, E., Latron, J., MartÃ-Bono, C. and Regüés, D. 2008. Temporal distribution of suspended sediment transport in a humid Mediterranean badland area: The Araguás catchment, Central Pyrenees. Geomorphology 97:601-616, doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.09.009.
Nu-Fang, F., Zhi-Hua, S., Lu, L. and Cheng, J. 2011. Rainfall, runoff, and suspended sediment delivery relationships in a small agricultural watershed of the Three Gorges area, China. Geomorphology 135:158–166, doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.013.
Olang, L.O. and Furst, J. 2011. Effects of land cover change on flood peak discharges and runoff volumes: Model estimates for the Nyando River Basin, Kenya. Hydrological Processes 25: 80–89, doi:10.1002/hyp.7821.
Paschalis, A., Fatichi, S., Molnar, P., Rimkus, S. and Burlando, P. 2014. On the effects of small scale space–time variability of rainfall on basin flood response. Journal of Hydrology 514:313–327, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.014.
Pramono, I.B., Budiastuti, M.Th.S., Gunawan, T. and Wiryanto. 2017. Base flow from various areas of pine forest at Kedungbulus Sub Watershed, Kebumen District, Central Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Development and Sustainability 6(3):99-114.
Pramono, I.B., Gunawan, T., Wiryanto, and Budiastuti, M.Th.S. 2016. The ability of pine forests in reducing peak flow at Kedungbulus Sub Watershed, Central Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences 11(6):1549-1568.
Psomiadis, E., Soulis, K.X. and Efthimiou, N. 2020. Using SCS-CN and earth observation for the comparative assessment of the hydrological effect of gradual and abrupt spatiotemporal land cover changes. Water 12:1-29, doi:10.3390/w12051386.
Robinson, M., Cognard-Plancq, A.L., Cosandey, C., David, J., Durand, P., Führer, H.W., Hall, R., Hendriques, M.O., Marc, V., McCarthy, R., McDonnell, M., Martin, C., Nisbet, T., O’Dea, P., Rodgers, M. and Zollner, A. 2003. Studies of the impact of forests on peak flows and baseflows: a European perspective. Forest Ecology and Management 186:85–97, doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00238-X.
Rubinato, M., Nichols, A., Peng, Y., Zhang, J.M., Lashford, C., Cai, Y.P., Lin, P.Z. and Tait, S. 2019. Urban and river flooding: Comparison of flood risk management approaches in the UK and China and an assessment of future knowledge needs. Water Science and Engineering 12(4): 274-283, doi:10.1016/j.wse.2019.12.004.
Szwagrzyk, M., Kaim, D., Price, B., Wypych, A., Grabska, E. and Kozak, J. 2018. Impact of forecasted land use changes on flood risk in the Polish Carpathians. Natural Hazards 94: 227–240, doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3384-y.
Vannier, O., Braud, I. and Anquetin, S. 2014. Regional estimation of catchment-scale soil properties by means of streamflow recession analysis for use in distributed hydrological models. Hydrological Processes 28(26):6276–6291, doi:10.1002/hyp.10101.
Zhou, Q., Leng, G. and Huang, M. 2018. Impacts of future climate change on urban flood volumes in Hohhot in northern China: benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptations. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22:305–316, doi:10.5194/hess-22-305-2018.
Zope, P.E., Eldho, T.I. and Jothiprakash, V. 2017. Hydrological impacts of land use–land cover change and detention basins on urban flood hazard: a case study of Poisar River basin, Mumbai, India. Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards 87(3):1267-1283, doi: 10.1007/s11069-017-2816-4.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher. 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Scientific Journal by Eko Handayanto is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://ub.ac.id.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://ircmedmind.ub.ac.id/.
This work is licensed under a 