Application of effective microorganisms technology on dairy wastewater treatment for irrigation purposes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2021.084.2917Keywords:
Dairy wastewater, effective microorganism, bioremediation, enlarges cultivationAbstract
Due to the massive amounts of freshwater consumed in dairy industries, as a result, thousands of liters of wastewater were produced as one liter of milk produces 10 liters of wastewater which represents a major threat to the surrounding environment and aquatic life. The application of a promising technology called “effective microorganism (EM)†was the key solution due to its low operating cost, low technology, and eco-friendly condition. Three different effective microorganisms were used, such as Bacillus bacteria (EM1), Staphylococcus bacteria (EM2), and EM stoste + Molasses (EM3). EM1 and EM2 were isolated from the dairy wastewater by using streaking for isolation on an agar plate process, while EM3 was prepared by mixing 12 % EM stoste, 6% molasses, and 82% distilled water. A laboratory pilot consists of aeration and final settling tanks, both tanks followed by an activated carbon filter. Four trials were performed, the first trial was without any EM, the second trial was adding EM1 with a dose of 50 ml to the aeration tank, the third trial was EM2 with a dose of 50 ml to the aeration tank, finally adding EM3 with a dose of 30 ml to the aeration tank. Results showed that using Bacillus bacteria (EM1) was the most effective trial as it was effective in reducing TSS (total suspended solids), BOD (biological oxygen demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand), TN (total nitrogen), and TP (total phosphorous) concentrations by removal efficiency of 93%, 96.2%, 95.9%, 94%, and 64%, respectively which were below the limitations of the Egyptian code for reuse for irrigation purposes.References
Abd Ellah, R.G. 2020. Water resources in Egypt and their challenges, Lake Nasser case study. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 46(1): 1-12, doi: 10.1016/j.ejar.2020.03.001.
Al-Wasify, R.S., Ali, M.N. and Hamed, S.R. 2017. Biodegradation of dairy wastewater using bacterial and fungal local isolates. Water Science and Technology 76(11): 3094-3100, doi: 10.2166/wst.2017.481.
Desai, S.S., Sangam, V.S., Joshi, L., Smita, K., Namazi, A. and Swetha, G. 2012. Development and formulation of effective microbial (EM) technology for dairy industrial effluent treatment. AICERA 2012 - Annual International Conference on Emerging Research Areas: Innovative Practices and Future Trends, December, 1-6, doi: 10.1109/AICERA.2012.6306702.
Elmagd, A.M.A. and Mahmoud, M.S. 2014. Tannery wastewater treatment using activated sludge process system (lab scale modelin ). International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research 2(5): 21-28.
Li, X., Guo, Q., Wang, Y., Xu, J., Wei, Q., Chen, L. and Liao, L. 2020. Enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal by applying effective microorganisms to constructed wetlands. Water (Switzerland) 12(9): 1-14, doi: 10.3390/w12092443.
Luo, Y., Guo, W., Ngo, H.H., Nghiem, L.D., Hai, F.I., Kang, J., Xia, S., Zhang, Z. and Price, W.E. 2014. Removal and fate of micropollutants in a sponge-based moving bed bioreactor. Bioresource Technology 159: 311-319, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.107.
Mekonnen, M.M. and Gerbens-Leenes, W. 2020. The water footprint of global food production. Water (Switzerland) 12(10): 2696, doi: 10.3390/w12102696.
Naghizadeh, A., Mahvi, A.H., Mesdaghinia, A.R. and Alimohammadi, M. 2011. Application of MBR technology in municipal wastewater treatment. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 36(1): 3-10, doi: 10.1007/s13369-010-0007-7.
Namane, A., Mekarzia, A., Benrachedi, K., Belhaneche-Bensemra, N. and Hellal, A. 2005. Determination of the adsorption capacity of activated carbon made from coffee grounds by chemical activation with ZnCl2 and H3PO4. Journal of Hazardous Materials 119(1-3): 189-194, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.12.006.
Noorjahan, C.M. and Jamuna, S. 2012. Physico-chemical characterisation of brewery effluent and its degradation using native fungus -Aspergillus Niger, Aquatic Plant -Water Hyacinth-Eichhornia sp. and Green Mussel - Pernaviridis. Journal of Environment and Earth Science 2(4): 31-40.
Porwal, H.J., Mane, A.V. and Velhal, S.G. 2015. Biodegradation of dairy effluent by using microbial isolates obtained from activated sludge. Water Resources and Industry 9: 1-15, doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2014.11.002.
Shete, B.S. and Shinkar, N.P. 2013. Dairy industry wastewater sources, characteristics and its effects on environment. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 3(5): 1611-1615.
Slavov, A.K. 2017. General characteristics and treatment possibilities of daity wastewater - a review. Food Technology and Biotechnology 55(1): 14-28, doi: 10.17113/ftb.55.01.17.4520.
Szymanski, N. and Patterson, R.A. 2003. Effective Microorganisms (EM) and Wastewater Systems in Future Directions for On-site Systems: Best Management Practice. Proceedings of On-site '03 Conference by Patterson, R.A. and Jones, M.J. (Eds). Held at University of New England, Armidale 30th September to 2nd October 2003. Published by Lanfax Laboratories Armidale. ISBN 0-9579438-1-4 pp 347-354
Verma, A., Singh, A., Mathur, N. and Atri, R. 2012. Physico-chemical analysis of effluent from dairy industry. International Journal of Chemical Sciences 10(4): 2061-2066.
Zhou, Y.X., Zhen, S.C. and Zhai, Y.M. 2013. The application of EM-treated dairy effluent on the flue-cured tobacco irrigation. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 11(1): 960-964.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Scientific Journal by Eko Handayanto is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.ub.ac.id.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://www.ircmedmind.ub.ac.id.