Spatiotemporal analysis of groundwater level trends and recharge rate estimation in the unconfined aquifer of Yogyakarta-Sleman Groundwater Basin, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2023.111.4887Keywords:
Mann-Kendall test, recharge, spatiotemporal, water table fluctuation, Yogyakarta groundwater basinAbstract
Groundwater is the primary water resource used for domestic, industrial, and agricultural needs for the community in the Yogyakarta-Sleman Groundwater Basin area. The urbanization rate has increased since the 1970s and has made massive use of groundwater, causing environmental problems, including the quality and quantity of groundwater. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal groundwater fluctuation trends based on the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and recharge rate estimation using the water table fluctuation (WTF) method. The groundwater level data were collected from monitoring wells across the study area during 2018-2022, particularly emphasizing 8 wells representing recharge, transition, and discharge areas. The results showed that the groundwater fluctuation pattern generally followed the season. During the rainy season from January to April, groundwater reached the shallowest level and began to decline gradually when it entered the dry season from May to October. Groundwater recharge rate was estimated to vary from 171.49 to 1,505.56 mm/year. Meanwhile, the Mann-Kendall test showed that most of the Yogyakarta-Sleman Groundwater Basin area did not experience significant fluctuation trends, except for two monitoring wells in the center of Yogyakarta City which had increasing groundwater level trends. The rising groundwater levels were expected to be caused by urban wastewater recharge. This study has provided a new description and insights into spatiotemporal changes in the groundwater table and the quantification of groundwater recharge.References
Barua, S., Cartwright, I., Dresel, P.E. and Daly, E. 2020. Using multiple methods to understand groundwater recharge in a semi-arid area. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1-40, doi:10.5194/hess-2020-143.
Beretta, G.P. and Stevenazzi, S. 2018. Specific yield of aquifer evaluation by means of a new experimental algorithm and its applications. Italian Journal of Groundwater 39-46, doi:10.7343/as-2018-325.
BPS. 2022. Population Density Data of Yogyakarta Special Province. https://yogyakarta.bps.go.id/ (in Indonesian).
Buana, L.A.T., Putra, D.P. and Handini, E. 2023. Groundwater recharge estimation using Chloride Mass Balance (CMB) case study: an old residential area and a new residential area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Environment, Agriculture and Tourism (ICOSEAT 2022), 678-683.
Bui, D.D., Kawamura, A., Tong, T.N., Amaguchi, H. and Nakagawa, N. 2012. Spatio-temporal analysis of recent groundwater-level trends in the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Hydrogeology Journal 20(8):1635-1650, doi:10.1007/s10040-012-0889-4.
Crosbie, R.S., Binning, P. and Kalma, J.D. 2005. A time series approach to inferring groundwater recharge using the water table fluctuation method. Water Resources Research 41(1):1-9, doi:10.1029/2004WR003077.
Fathmawati, Fachiroh, J., Gravitiani, E., Sarto, and Husodo, A.H. 2017. Nitrate in drinking water and risk of colorectal cancer in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part A: Current Issues 80(2):120-128, doi:10.1080/ 15287394.2016.1260508.
Fetter, C.W. 2001. Applied Hydrogeology (4th Edition). Waveland Press, Inc.
Healy, R.W. and Cook, P.G. 2002. Using groundwater levels to estimate recharge. Hydro 91-109, doi:10.1007/s10040-001-0178-0.
Hendrayana, H. and Vicente, V.A.D.S. 2013. Groundwater Reserves based on the geometry and configuration of the Yogyakarta-Sleman groundwater basin aquifer system. Proceedings of the 6th National Earth Seminar 356-370, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 11-12 December 2013 (in Indonesian).
Herbert, C. and Döll, P. 2019. Global assessment of current and future groundwater stress with a focus on transboundary aquifers. Water Resources Research 55(6):4760-4784, doi:10.1029/2018WR023321.
Hussain, M. and Mahmud, I. 2019. pyMannKendall: a python package for non-parametric Mann Kendall family of trend tests. Journal of Open Source Software 4(39):1556, doi:10.21105/joss.01556.
Hussin, N.H., Yusoff, I. and Raksmey, M. 2020. Comparison of applications to evaluate groundwater recharge at lower Kelantan river basin, Malaysia. Geosciences (Switzerland) 10(8):1-25, doi:10.3390/ geosciences10080289.
Ilham, M., Putra, D.P.E. and Hendrayana, H. 2021. Assessment of aquifer susceptibility to land subsidence due to groundwater over-exploitation in Yogyakarta-Sleman groundwater basin. Proceeding of Seventh Geoinformation Science Symposium (GSS 2021), Yogyakarta, Indonesia, doi:10.1117/12.2615173.
Jan, C. and Chen, T. 2007. Effect of rainfall intensity and distribution on groundwater level fluctuations. Journal of Hydrology 348-360, doi:10.1016/ j.jhydrol.2006.07.010.
Kampfner, L., Rude, T.R. and Putra, D.P.E. 2021. Characterization of shallow groundwater chemistry in the Yogyakarta basin, Central Java. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, doi:10.1088/1755-1315/851/1/012015.
KESDM. 2018. Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia (in Indonesian).
Labrecque, G., Chesnaux, R. and Boucher, M. 2020. Water-table fluctuation method for assessing aquifer recharge : application to Canadian aquifers and comparison with other methods. Hydrogeology Journal 28:521-533, doi:10.1007/s10040-019-02073-1.
Lutz, A., Minyila, S., Saga, B. and Diarra, S. 2015. Fluctuation of groundwater levels and recharge patterns in Northern Ghana. Climate 3:1-15, doi:10.3390/cli3010001.
MacDonald and Partners. 1984. Greater Yogyakarta Groundwater Resources Study. Directorate General of Water Resources Groundwater Development Project (P2AT), Ministry of Public Works, Government of The Republic of Indonesia.
Manny, L., Atmaja, R.R.S. and Putra, D.P.E. 2017. Groundwater level changes in shallow aquifer of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia: distribution and causes. Journal of Applied Geology 1(2):89, doi:10.22146/jag.27584.
Maria, R., Satrio, Iskandarsyah, T.Y.W.M., Suganda, B.R., Delinom, R.M., Marganingrum, D., Purwoko, W., Sukmayadi, D. and Hendarmawan, H. 2021. Groundwater recharge area based on hydrochemical and environmental isotopes analysis in the south Bandung volcanic area. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 21(3):609-625, doi:10.22146/ijc.58633.
Natayu, A., Kamila, F., Dananjaya, I., Reflin, R. and Fikri, M. 2021. Understanding the climate behavior through data interpretation: Java-Bali-Nusa Tenggara case. Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design 3(2):130-145, doi:10.35806/ijoced.v3i2.184.
Patra, H.P., Adhikari, S.K. and Kunar, S. 2016. Groundwater Prospecting and Management (1st Edition). Springer Hydrogeology.
Putra, D.P E. 2015. Evolution of groundwater chemistry on shallow aquifer of Yogyakarta City urban area. Journal of Applied Geology 3(2):116-124, doi:10.22146/jag.7188.
Putra, D.P.E. and Indrawan, I.G.B. 2012. Assessment of aquifer susceptibility due to excessive groundwater abstraction; a case study of Yogyakarta-Sleman groundwater basin. ASEAN Engineering Journal Part C 3(2):105-116.
Putro, S.D.S. and Wilopo, W. 2022. Assessment of nitrate contamination and its factors in the urban area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 9(4):3643-3652, doi:10.15243/jdmlm.2022.094.3643.
Qian, J.H., Robertson, A.W. and Moron, V. 2010. Interactions among ENSO, the monsoon, and diurnal cycle in rainfall variability over Java, Indonesia. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67(11):3509-3524, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3348.1.
Siddik, M.S., Tulip, S.S., Rahman, A., Islam, M.N., Haghighi, A.T. and Mustafa, S.M. 2022. The impact of land use and land cover change on groundwater recharge in northwestern Bangladesh. Journal of Environmental Management 315(October 2021):115130, doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115130.
Wilopo, W. and Putra, D.P.E. 2021. Groundwater recharge estimation using groundwater level fluctuation patterns in the unconfined aquifer of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Kuwait Journal of Science 48(2), doi:10.48129/KJS.V48I2.9397.
Wilopo, W., Putra, D.P.E. and Hendrayana, H. 2021. Impacts of precipitation, land use change, and urban wastewater on groundwater level fluctuation in the Yogyakarta-Sleman Groundwater Basin, Indonesia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 193(2), doi:10.1007/s10661-021-08863-z.
Wilopo, W., Putra, D.P.E., Setiawan, H. and Setyawan, K.D. 2020. Impact assessment of apartment building foundation to Terban Spring discharge, Yogyakarta City. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 7(3):2111-2122, doi:10.15243/jdmlm.2020.073.2111.
Wu, Y., Yang, G., Tian, L., Gu, X., Li, X., He, X., Xue, L., Li, P. and Xiao, S. 2021. Spatiotemporal variation in groundwater level within the Manas River Basin, Northwest China: Relative impacts of natural and human factors. Open Geosciences 13(1):626-638, doi:10.1515/geo-2020-0258.
WWAP. 2018. The United Nations world water development report 2018: Nature-Based Solutions for Water. In Unesco. www.unwater.org/publications/%0Aworld-water-development-report-2018/.
Yan, S.F., Yu, S.E., Wu, Y.B., Pan, D.F., She, D.L. and Ji, J. 2015. Seasonal variations in groundwater level and salinity in coastal plain of Eastern China influenced by climate. Journal of Chemistry 2015(February 2022), doi:10.1155/2015/905190.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher. 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Scientific Journal by Eko Handayanto is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://ub.ac.id.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://ircmedmind.ub.ac.id/.
This work is licensed under a 