Growth and survival rate of endemic trees of Ethiopia: Olea africana and Hagenia abysinicca in the degraded lake of Haramaya Watershed, Ethiopia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2017.044.863Keywords:
endemic trees, Hagenia abysinicca, Olea africana, sub watershed, survival rateAbstract
The study was conducted to explore the growth and survival rate of the native tree species of Ethiopia, Olea africana and Hagenia abysinicca in the degraded Lake Haramaya Watershed, eastern Ethiopia. Three sub watersheds of Lake Haramaya Watershed, namely: Bachake, Damota, and Tinike were selected purposefully on the basis of their extreme degradation and nearby vanished Lake Haramaya. In each sub watersheds, a total of about 12 main standard quadrats have been applied and the required data has been recorded. The result of the study indicated that Olea africana performs well at Damota sub watershed, accounting 38% of survival rate followed by Tinike sub watershed having a survival rate of 37%. Only 29% of the total planted Olea africana were survived at Bachake sub watershed. Furthermore, it has been revealed via this study that about 55.6% of Hagenia abysinicca were survived at Damota sub watershed. Comparing the survival rate of the two species, Hagenia abysinicca were better withstand and grow under an extreme pressure of local peoples intervention at all sub watersheds. Therefore, the study indicated that growing and maintaining of these two endemic trees in all sub watersheds were difficult task unless much awareness will be made at grass root level. Lastly, the study encourages mega projects on growth and survival rate of other native trees species in the degraded areas of Ethiopia.
References
Alemayehu, M. 2002. Forage Production in Ethiopia: A case study with implications for livestock production. Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Alemayehu, W. 2002a. Opportunities, constraints and prospects of the Ethiopian Orthodex Tewahido Churches in south Gondar, northern Ethiopia. MSc. Thesis: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
Carandang, W.M., Tolentino, E.L., Roshetko, J.M. 2006. Smallholder Tree Nursery Operations in Southern Philippines – Supporting Mechanisms for Timber Tree Domestication. International Tree Crops Journal (in press).
(CIA) Central Intelligence Agency. 2001. CIA, the World Factbook, Ethiopia. http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications /factbook/geos/et.html.
(CBD) Convention on Biological Diversity CBD News. 2008. forest and aquatic plants genetic resources. Addis Ababa: Institute of biodiversity conservation.
Derero, A. 2012. Evaluation of tree seeds and seedling system in Ethiopia with focus in Wolaita and Arsi. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Demel, T. 2001. Deforestation, Wood Famine, and Environmental Degradation in Ethiopia's Highland Ecosystems: Urgent Need for Action. Forest Stewardship Council (FSC Africa), Kusami, Ghana. Northeast African Studies 8: 53-76.
Garrity, D., Verchot, L. 2008. Meeting challenges of climate change and poverty through agroforestry. World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi.
Hurni, H. 2007. Challenges for sustainable rural development in Ethiopia. Faculty of Technology, Addis Abeba University, Addis Abeba.
Lemenih, M., Kassa, H. 2014. Re-greening Ethiopia: history, challenges and lessons. Forests 5:1896–1909.
Megan, K. 2013. Assessing the Plant Species, Mortality Rates and Water Availability under the Canopies in the MillionTreesNYC Plots. http://www.nybg.org/press/files/forest/MeganSummer2013ResearchPaper pdf.
Million, B. 2001. Forestry outlook study in Africa. Regional, sub Regional and Countries Report, opportunities and challenges towards 2020; FAO forestry paper No. 141. Synthesis Africa Forests View to 2020. Rome, Italy.
Newton, A. C., Cantarello, E. 2015. Restoration of forest resilience: an achievable goal? – New For. 46: 645 – 668.
Negash, M., Yirdaw, E., Luukkanen, O. 2012. Potential of endemicmultistrata agroforests for maintaining native floristic diversity in the south-eastern Rift Valley escarpment, Ethiopia. Agrofor Syst 85:9–28. doi:10.1007/ s10457-011-9408-1.
Schulz, Bethany, K., Bechtold, William, A., Zarnoch, Stanley, J. 2009. Sampling and estimation procedures for the vegetation diversity and structure indicator. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-781. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 53 p.
Sebsebe, D. 1980. A study on the structure of a montane forest. The Menagesha-Suba State Forest. Unpublished M.Sc Thesis, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa.
Tadesse, G., Zavaleta, E., Shennan, C. 2014. Coffee landscapes as refugia for native woody biodiversity as forest loss continues in southwest Ethiopia. Biol Conserv 169:384–391.
Teketay, D. 2001. Deforestation, wood famine, and environmental degradation in Ethiopia’s highland ecosystems: urgent need for action. Northeast Afr Stud 8(1):53–76. doi:10.1353/nas.2005.0020.
Tesfaye, M.A., Bravo-Oviedo, A., Bravo, F., Ruiz-Peinado, R. 2015. Aboveground biomass equations for sustainable production of fuelwood in a native dry tropical afro-montane forest of Ethiopia. Ann For Sci. doi:10.1007/s13595-015-0533.
Tekle, K., Hedlund, L. 2000. Land cover change between 1958 and 1986 in Kalu district, southern Wello, Ethiopia. Mt Res Dev 20:2–51.
(USDA) United State Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 2003. http://blogs.usda.gov/tag/fs/.
(WCMC) World Conservation Monitoring Center. 1992. Global biodiversity: status of the earth’s living resource. London: Champion and Hall.
World Bank. 2000. The World Bank Group Countries: Ethiopia. Washington, D.C. http:// www.worldbank.org/afr/et2.htm.
(WRI) World Resources Institute. 2001. People and Ecosystems: The Frying Web of Life; WRI: Washington,DC, USA.
Yirdaw, E. 1996. Deforestation and Forest Plantations in Ethiopia. M. Palo and G. Mery (eds), Sustainable Forestry Challenges for Developing Countries, 327-342. @1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher. 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Scientific Journal by Eko Handayanto is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://ub.ac.id.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://ircmedmind.ub.ac.id/.
This work is licensed under a 