Effect of water pollution by nickel on hepatic enzymes and oxidative enzymes in Cyprinus carpio (common carp)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2024.121.6749Keywords:
common carp, nickel, water pollutionAbstract
Nickel (Ni) is considered a toxic heavy metal that causes serious diseases in humans and animals. Therefore, this study was conducted on common carp, which is considered an essential food item for humans. This study was designed to investigate the effect of nickel on the hepatic and antioxidant enzymes of Cyprinus carpio after 3 and 6 weeks of exposure to water contaminated with Ni. C. carpio fingerlings were purchased from a neighboring fish hatchery. The morphometric characteristics of the experimental fish were documented. All fish were stocked, regardless of gender. The fish were exposed to different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/L) to obtain the LC50 for Ni during 96 hours, and the median lethal concentration of Ni was 80 mg/L through 96 hours. The fish were exposed to two safe concentrations, 1 ppm and 5 ppm. The results after 3 and 6 weeks were as follows: When compared to the control groups, all treated groups had significantly higher levels of liver function parameters (ALT and AST). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase activity measurement (CAT) enzyme levels were considerably higher in all treated groups after 3 and 6 weeks as compared to control groups. These changes are trustworthy indications of the cellular and humoral immune responses in C. carpio.
References
Al-Sawafi, A.G.A. and Yan, Y. 2013. Bioconcentration and antioxidant status responses in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) under atrazine exposure. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 5(4):204-208. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJCEA.2013.V4.295
Al-tamimi, A.H., Al-azzawi, A.J. and Al-a, M.A. 2015. Chronic toxicity assessment of histological changes and micronuclei in fish Cyprinus carpio L. after exposed to copper. Asrjets 13(1):194-210.
Banday, U.Z., Swaleh, S.B. and Usmani, N. 2020. Heavy metal toxicity has an immunomodulatory effect on metallothionein and glutathione peroxidase gene expression in Cyprinus carpio inhabiting a wetland lake and a culture pond. Chemosphere 251:126311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126311
Chatterjee, A., Bhattacharya, R. and Saha, N.C. 2019. Zinc oxide (ZnO) induced toxicity and behavioural changes to oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex (Muller). International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences 6(2):35-42. https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.3542
Chelikani, P., Fita, I. and Loewen, P.C. 2004. Diversity of structures and properties among catalases. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 61(2):192-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-003-3206-5
Coen, N., Mothersill, C., Kadhim, M. and Wright, E.G. 2001. Heavy metals of relevance to human health induced genomic instability. Journal of Pathology 195(3):293-299. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.950
Dalkiliç, D.N. 2001. The Role of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety, in English Speaking Courses. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 8(8). https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/cusosbil/issue/4364.
Firat, Ö., Çogun, H.Y., Aslanyavrusu, S. and Kargin, F. 2009. Antioxidant responses and metal accumulation in tissues of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus under Zn, Cd and Zn+Cd exposures. Journal of Applied Toxicology 29(4):295-301. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.1406
Gül, ?., Belge-Kuruta?, E., Yildiz, E., ?ahan, A. and Doran, F. 2004. Pollution correlated modifications of liver antioxidant systems and histopathology of fish (Cyprinidae) living in Seyhan Dam Lake, Turkey. Environment International 30(5):605-609. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00059-X
Guo, R., Li, W., Liu, B., Li, S., Zhang, B. and Xu, Y. 2014. Resveratrol protects vascular smooth muscle cells against high glucose-induced oxidative stress and cell proliferation in vitro. Medical Science Monitor Basic Research 27(20):82-92. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSMBR.890858
Hadwan, M.H. and Ali, S.K. 2018. New spectrophotometric assay for assessments of catalase activity in biological samples. Analytical Biochemistry 542:29-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2017.11.013
Hegazy, H.G. 2011. Ameliorative effects of ginger and ?-lipoic acid on oxidative stress and inflammation in senile female rats. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5(8):1096-1105.
Huseen, H.M. and Mohammed, A.J. 2019. Heavy metals causing toxicity in fishes. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1294(6). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1294/6/062028
Jemec, A., Drobne, D., Tišler, T. and Sep?i?, K. 2010. Biochemical biomarkers in environmental studies-lessons learnt from enzymes catalase, glutathione S-transferase and cholinesterase in two crustacean species. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 17(3):571-581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-009-0112-x
Li, X., Liu, Y., Song, L. and Liu, J. 2003. Responses of antioxidant systems in the hepatocytes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to the toxicity of microcystin-LR. Toxicon 42(1):85-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-0101(03)00104-1
Lopes, P.A., Pinheiro, T., Santos, M.C., Da Luz Mathias, M., Collares-Pereira, M.J. and Viegas-Crespo, A.M. 2001. Response of antioxidant enzymes in freshwater fish populations (Leuciscus alburnoides complex) to inorganic pollutants exposure. Science of the Total Environment 280(1-3):153-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00822-1
Magyarosy, A., Laidlaw, R., Kilaas, R., Echer, C., Clark, D. and Keasling, J. 2002. Nickel accumulation and nickel oxalate precipitation by Aspergillus niger. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 59(2-3):382-388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-1020-x
Marcovecchio, J.E. 2004. The use of Micropogonias furnieri and Mugil liza as bioindicators of heavy metals pollution in La Plata river estuary, Argentina. Science of The Total Environment 323(1-3):219-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.09.029
Markovich, D. and James, K.M. 1999. Heavy metals mercury, cadmium, and chromium inhibit the activity of the mammalian liver and kidney sulfate transporter sat-1. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 154(2):181-187. https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1998.8559
Mgbenka, B.O., Oluah, N.S. and Umeike, I. 2003. Effect of Gammalin 20 (lindane) on differential white blood cell counts of the African catfish, Clarias albopunctatus. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 71(2):248-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-003-0157-3
Mustafa, S.A. and Al-Rudainy, A.J. 2021. Impact of mercury chloride exposure on some of immunological and biochemical assays of common carp, Cyprinus Carpio. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 52(3):547-551. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i3.1341
Obaid, M.M. and Mutar, H.A. 2020. Effect of pollution of heavy metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) on the level oxidation of Malone Di Aldehyde (Mda) in the tissues culture of Cyprinus Carpio in cages on the Euphrates. Plant Archives 20(2):3935-3939.
Oymak, S.A., Karadede-Akin, H. and Dogan, N. 2009. Heavy metal in tissues of Tor grypus from Atatürk Dam Lake, Euphrates River-Turkey. Biologia 64(1):151-155. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-009-0026-6
Rauf, A., Javed, M. and Ubaidullah, M. 2009. Heavy metal levels in three major carps (catla catla, labeo rohita and cirrhina mrigala) from the river ravi, Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 29(1):24-26.
Savari, A., Hedayati, A., Safahieh, A. and Movahedinia, A. 2010. Determination of some enzymatic indices of yellowfin sea bream (Acanthopagrus latus) in Mahshahr Creeks (North West of Persian Gulf). World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences 2(6):475-480.
Sprocati, A.R., Alisi, C., Segre, L., Tasso, F., Galletti, M. and Cremisini, C. 2006. Investigating heavy metal resistance, bioaccumulation and metabolic profile of a metallophile microbial consortium native to an abandoned mine. Science of The Total Environment 366(2-3):649-658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.025
USEPA. 1975. Methods for Acute Toxicity Tests With Fish, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians. In Ecol Res Ser EPA (Issues 660 /3-75-009). National Environmental Research Center, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Vinodhini, R. and Narayanan, M. 2009. Biochemical changes of antioxidant enzymes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after heavy metal exposure. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 33(4):273-278. https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-0711-18
White, S. 2019. Basic & Clinical Biostatistics: Fifth Edition. McGraw Hill LLC.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher. 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Scientific Journal by Eko Handayanto is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://ub.ac.id.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://ircmedmind.ub.ac.id/.
This work is licensed under a 