Harnessing synergistic metabolism: Bioelectricity and color removal from palm oil mill effluent in bacteria consortium – microalgae microbial fuel cell
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2024.121.6597Keywords:
Biocathode, Bioenergy, Melanoidin, Omega-3, Palm oil wasteAbstract
This study investigated the application of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) system integrated with freshwater microalgae Chlorella sp. TSU-FF67for wastewater treatment, electricity generation, and bio-oil production. The MFC with Chlorella sp. TSU-FF67achieved a significantly higher open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 413.67 ± 15.67 mV compared to the control (13.33 ± 6.38 mV), indicating enhanced bioelectrocatalytic activity. The system also demonstrated efficient organic matter removal from palm oil mill effluent (POME) with a maximum color removal of 95.12 ± 3.50%. Furthermore, Chlorella sp. TSU-FF67 recovered from the PMFC exhibited a remarkable docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) yield of 1,932.28 ± 88.69 µg/mL (1.93 ± 0.08 mg/mL), highlighting its potential as a feedstock for bio-oil production. This work presents a promising approach for sustainable wastewater treatment while simultaneously generating bioelectricity and bio-oil using microalgae-MFC integration.References
Ahirwar, A., Das, S., Das, S., Yang, Y.H., Bhatia, S.K., Vinayak, V. and Ghangrekar, M.M. 2023. Photosynthetic microbial fuel cell for bioenergy and valuable production: A review of circular bio-economy approach. Algal Research 70(1):102973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2023.102973
Asaithambi, P., Beyene, D., Aziz, A.R.A. and Alemayehu, E. 2018. Removal of pollutants with determination of power consumption from landfill leachate wastewater using an electrocoagulation process optimization using response surface methodology. Applied Water Science 8(1):69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0715-9
Baroni, E.G., Yap, K.Y., Webley, P.A., Scales, P.J. and Martin, G.J.O. 2019. The effect of nitrogen depletion on the cell size, shape, density and gravitational settling of Nannochlopsis salina, Chlorella sp. (marine) and Haematococcus pluvialis. Algal Research 39(1)101454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2019.101454
Cai, T., Park, S.Y. and Li, Y. 2013. Nutrient recovery rom wastewater streams by microalgae: status and prospects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 19(1):360-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.030
Cui, Y., Rashid, N., Hu, N., Rehman, M.S.U. and Han, J.I. 2014. Electricity generation and microalgae cultivation in microbial fuel cell using microalgae-enriched anode and biocathode. Energy Conversion and Management 79(10):674-680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.032
Dominic, D. and Baidurah, S. 2022. Recent developments in biological processing technology for palm oil mill effluent treatment - A review. Biology 11(4):525. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11040525
Hariz, H.B., Takriff, M.S., Yasin, N.H.M., Ba-Abbad, M.M. and Hakimi, N.I.N.M. 2019. Potential of the microalgae-based integrated wastewater treatment and CO2 fixation system to treat palm oil mill effluent (POME) by indigenous microalgae; Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. Journal of Water Process Engineering 32(1):100907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.100907
Huangfu, J., Liu, J., Peng, C., Suen, Y.L., Wang, M., Jiang, Y., Chen, Z.Y. and Chen, F. 2013. DHA-rich marine microalga Schizochytrium mangrovei possesses anti-aging effects on Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Functional Foods 5(2):888-896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.038
Jolayemi, O.S., Ajatta, M.A. and Adegeye, A.A. 2018. Geographical discrimination palm oils (Elaeis guineensis) using quality characteristics and UV-visible spectroscopy. Food Science & Nutrition 6(4):773-782. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.614
Karim, A., Islam, M.A., Mishra, P., Muzahid, A.J.M., Yousof, A., Khan, M.M.R. and Faizal, C.K.M. 2023. Yeast and bacteria co-cuulture-based lipid production through bioremediation of palm oil mill effluent: a statistical optimization. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 13(1):2947-2958. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01275-6
Khandelwal, A., Chhabra, M. and Yadav, P. 2020. Performance evaluation of algae assisted microbial fuel cell under outdoor conditions. Bioresource Technology 310(1):123418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123418
Koh, L.P. and Wilcove, D.S. 2008. Is oil palm agriculture really destroying tropical biodiversity?. Conservation Letter 1(1):60-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2008.00011.x
Kongnoo, A., Suksaroj, T., Intharapat, P., Promtong, T. and Suksaroj, C. 2012. Decolorization and organic removal from palm oil mill effluent by Fenton's process. Environmental Engineering Science 29(9):855-859. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2011.0181
Kumar, B.R., Deviram, G., Mathimani, T., Duc, P.A. and Pugazhendhi, A. 2019. Microalgae as rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 17(1):583-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.01.017
Lee, Z.S., Chin, S.Y., Lim, J.W., Witoon, T. and Cheng, C.K. 2019. Treatment technologies of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and olive mill wastewater (OMW): A brief review. Environmental Technology & Innovation 15(1):100377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2019.100377
Li, K., Liu, Q., Fang, F., Luo, R., Lu, Q., Zhou, W., Huo, S., Cheng, P., Liu, J., Addy, M., Chen, P., Chen, D. and Ruan, R. 2019. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment for nutrient recovery: A review. Bioresource Technology 291(1):121934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121934
Makada, Y.S. and Seng, L. 2013. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) from Malaysia palm oil mills: Waste or resource. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology 2(6):1138-1155.
Mohammad, S., Baidurah, S., Kobayashi, T., Ismail, N. and Leh, C.P. 2021. Palm oil mill effluent treatment processes - A review. Processes 9(5):739. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050739
Moniz, P., Silva, C., Oliveira, A.C., Reis, A. and Silva, T.L.D. 2021. Raw glycerol based medium for DHA and lipids production, using the marine heterotrophic microalga Crypthecodinium cohnii. Processes 9(11):2005. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9112005
Rakmania, R., Kamyab, H., Yuzir, M.A., Al-Qaim, F.F., Purba, L.D.A. and Riyadi, F.A. 2021. Application of Box-Behnken design to mineralization and color removal of palm oil mill effluent by electrocoagulation process. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30(1):71941-71753. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16197-z
Saad, M.S., Wirzal, M.D.H. and Putra, Z.A. 2021. Review on current approach for treatment of palm oil mill effluent: Integrated system. Journal of Environmental Management 286(1):112209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112209
Sahi, A.K.S., Anjali, A., Varshney, N., Poddar, S., Vajanthri, K.Y. and Mahto, S.K. 2019. Optimizing a detection method for estimating polynusatuurated fatty acid in human milk based on colorimetric sensors. Materials Science for Energy Technologies 2(3):624-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2019.07.001
Thipraksa, J., Chaijak, P., Michu, P. and Lertworapreecha, M. 2022. Biodegradation and bioelectricity generation of melanoidin in palm oil mill effluent (POME) by laccase-producing bacterial consortium integrated with microbial fuel cell. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 43(1):102444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102444
Udaiyappan, A.F.M., Hasan, H.A., Takriff, M.S., Abdullah, S.R.S., Maeda, T., Mustapha, N.A., Yasin, N.H.M. and Hakimi, N.I.N.M. 2020. Microalgae-bacteria interaction in palm oil mill effluent treatment. Journal of Water Process Engineering 35(1):101203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101203
Vidyashankar, S., Sireesha, E., Chauhan, V.S. and Sarada, R. 2015. Evaluation of microalgae as vegetarian source of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids under autotrophic growth conditions. Journal of Food Science and Technology 52(1):7070-7080. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-1781-8
Zahrim, A.Y., Dexter, Z.D., Joseph, C.G. and Hilal, N. 2017. Effective coagulation-flocculation treatment of highly polluted palm oil mill biogas plant wastewater using dual coagulants: decolourisation, kinetics and phytotoxicity studies. Journal of Water Process Engineering 16(1):258-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.02.005
Zhang, Y., Li, J., Bai, J., Li, X., Shen, Z., Xia, L., Chen, S., Xu, Q. and Zhou, B. 2018. Total organic carbon and total nitrogen removal and simultaneous electricity generation for nitrogen-containing wastewater based on the catalytic reactions of hydroxyl and chlorine radicals. Applied catalysis B: Environmental 238(1):168-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.07.036
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher. 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Scientific Journal by Eko Handayanto is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://ub.ac.id.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://ircmedmind.ub.ac.id/.
This work is licensed under a 