Engineering of Soil Biological Quality from Nickel Mining Stockpile Using Two Earthworm Ecological Groups
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2015.023.361Keywords:
dry weight, epigeic, endogeic, FDA activity, flagellate, nematode.Abstract
Earthworms have the ability in modifying soil biological quality for plant growth. Their ability is mostly depending on its ecological groups. The objectives of the research were to study the influence of two ecological groups of earthworms on soil microbial activity and soil micro-fauna abundance, and to know the potential of soil modified by earthworms as plant growth medium. Eight combination of individual earthworm from epigeic and endogeic groups was applied into pot  that was filled by soil from two years of nickel stockpile and each treatment was repeated by five times. The experiment was following complete randomize design procedure. After sixteen days of research, the soil sample from each pot was analyzed for soil FDA activity, number of flagellate and nematodes. Furthermore, one kg of the soil from each pot was taken and every pot was grown by Paraserianthes falcataria seedling with the age of five days and continued its growth for two months. The results indicated that the soil FDA activity, number of flagellate and nematodes among treatments were significantly differences. In addition, it indicated the significant differences in dry weight of shoot, root, total plant, and root to shoot ratio of P. falcataria seedlings. It concluded that the combination of an individual number of epigeic and endogeic earthworms improved soil biological quality of stock pile, amd  most suitable for seedlings growth in nickel mining area.
References
Adl, S.M., Acosta-Mercando, D. and Lynn, D.H. 2008. Protozoa. In Carter, M.R. and Gregorich, E.G. (eds). Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. Canadian Society of Soil Science. pp. 455-469.
Aira, M., Monroy, F. and Dominguez, J. 2003.Effects of two species of earthworms (Allolobophora spp.) on soil systems: a microfaunal and biochemical analysis. Pedobiologia 47: 877–881.
Aira, M., Sampedro, L., Monroy, F. and Dominguez, J. 2008. Detritivorous earthworms directly modify the structure, thus altering the functioning of a micro decomposer food web. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40: 2511–2516.
Banerjee, M.R., Burton, D.L., McCaughey, W.P. and Grant, G.A. 2000. Influence of pasture management on soil biological quality. Journal of Range Management 53: 127 – 133.
Bayon, R.C.L, Matera, V., Kohler-Miller, R., Degen, C. and Gobat, J.M. 2011. Earthworm activity alters geogenic arsenic and soil nutrient dynamics. Pedobiologia 54 S: S193 – S201.
Binet, F. and Curmi, P. 1992. Structural effects of Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) on the soil-organic matter system: micromorphological observations and autoradio graphs. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24(12):1519 - 1523.
Boyer, S., Wratten, S., Pizey, M. and Weber, P. 2011. Impact of soil stockpiling and mining rehabilitation on earthworm communities. Pedobiologia 54 S: S99– S102.
Brown, G.G. and Doube, B.M. 2004. Functional interactions between earthworms, microorganisms, organic matter, and plants. In Edwards, C.A. (ed.). Earthworm Ecology. CRC Press. Boca Raton. pp. 213-238.
Butt, K.R. 2011. The earthworm inoculation unit technique: development and use in soil improvement over two decades. In Karaca, A. (ed.). Biology of earthworms, Soil Biology 24. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heiderber. pp.87-105.
Butt, K.R.2008. Earthworms in soil restoration: lessons learned from United Kingdom case studies of land reclamation. Restoration Ecology 16 (4): 637 – 641.
Dominguez, J., Parmelee, R.W. and Edwards, C.A. 2003. Interactions between Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta) and nematode populations during vermicomposting. Pedobiologia 47: 53–60.
Dunger, W. and Voigtländer, K. 2005. Assessment of biological soil quality in wooded reclaimed mine sites. Geoderma 129: 32 – 44.
Edwards, C.A. and Bater, J.E. 1992. The use of earthworms in environmental management. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24(12):1683 - 1689.
Fonte, S.J, Barrios, E. and Six, J. 2010. Earthworm Impacts on soil organic matter and fertilizer dynamics in tropical hillside agroecosystems of Honduras. Pedobiologia 53: 327-335.
Fragoso, C. and Lavelle, P. 1992. Earthworm communities of tropical rain forests. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24 (12):1397 – 1408.
Gajalakhsmi, S., Ramasamy, E.V. and Abbasi, S.A. 2001. Potential of two epigeic and two anecic earthworm species in vermicomposting of water hyacinth. Bioresource Technology 76 (3): 177 – 181.
Green, V.S., Stott, D.E. and Diack, M. 2006. Assay for fluoresce in diacetate hydrolytic activity: optimization for soil samples. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38: 693-701.
Griffth, B., Turke, M., Weisser, W.W. and Eisenhauer. 2013. Herbivore behavior in the anecic earthworm species Lumbricus terrestris L.? European Journal of Soil Biology 55: 62 – 65.
Holtkamp, R., van der Wal, A., Kardol, P., van der Putten, W.H., de Ruiter, P.C. and Dekker. S.C. 2011. Modelling C and N mineralisation in soil food web during secondary succession on ex-arable land. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43: 251 – 260.
Jones, C.G., Lawton, J.H. and Schack, M. 1994. Organisms as ecosystem engineers. Oikos 69: 373 – 386.
Jouquet, P.,Dauber, J., Lagerlof, J., Lavelle, P. and Lepage, M. 2006. Soil invertebrates as ecosystem engineers: Intended and accidental effects on soil and feedback loops. Applied Soil Ecology 32:153–164.
Kilowasid, L.M.H, Syamsudin, T.S., Susilo, F.X. and Sulistyawati, E. 2012. Ecological diversity of soil fauna as ecosystem engineers in smallholder cocoa plantation in South Konawe. Journal of Tropical Soils 17: 173 – 180.
Lavelle, P. 1996. Diversity of soil fauna and ecosystem function. Biology International 33: 3 – 16.
Lavelle, P. and Martin, A. 1992.Small-scale and large-scale effects of endogeic earthworms on soil organic matter dynamics in soils of the humid tropics. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24 (12): 1491-1498.
Li, X., Fisk, M.C..Fahey, T.J. and Bohlen, P.J. 2002. Influence of earthworm invasion on soil microbial biomass and activity in a northern hardwood forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 34: 1929–1937.
Loranger-Merciris, G., Cabidoche, Y.M., Delone, B., Queneherve, P. and Ozier-Lafontaine, H. 2012.How earthworm activities affect banana plant response to nematodes parasitism. Applied Soil Ecology 52:1– 8.
Menko Bidang Perekonomian. 2011. Acceleration and expansion of Indonesia's economic development and the role of higher education of engineering. Scientific oration on Anniversary of 91 Years of Higher Education of Engineering in Indonesia, West Hall, ITB July 9, 2011 (in Indonesian).
Ngo, P.T., Rumpel, C., Doan, T.T and Jouquet, P. 2012. The effect of earthworms on carbon storage and soil organic matter composition in tropical soil amended with compost and vermicompost. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 50: 214 – 220.
Osler, G.H.R. and Sommerkorn, M. 2007. Toward a complete soil C and N cycle: incorporating the soil fauna. Ecology 88: 1611 – 1621.
Palm, J., van Schaik, N.L.M.B. and Schroder, B. 2013.Modelling distribution patterns of anecic, epigeic and endogeic earthworms at catchment-scale in agro-ecosystems. Pedobiologia 56: 23 - 31.
Parfitt, R.L., Yeates, G.W., Ross, D.J., Mackay, A.D. and Budding, P.J. 2005. Relationships between soil biota, nitrogen and phosphorus availability, and pasture growth under organic and conventional management. Applied Soil Ecology 28:1–13.
Pashanasi, B., Melendez, G. and Szott, L. 1992. Effect of inoculation with the endogeic earthworm Pontoscolex Corethrurus (Glossoscolecidae) on N availability, soil microbial biomass and the growth of three tropical fruit tree seedlings in a pot experiment. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24 (12): 1655 – 1659.
Paz-Ferreiro, J. and Fu, S. 2013. Biological indices for soil quality evaluation: perspectives and limitations. Land Degradation & Development. Published online in Wiley Online Library (Wiley online library.com) DOI: 10.1002/ldr.2262.
Ponmani, S., Udayasoorian, C., Jayabakrishnan, R.M. and Kumar, K.V. 2014. Vermicomposting of paper mill solid waste using epigeic earthworm Eudriluseugeniae. Journal of Environmental Biology 35: 617-622.
Riches, D., Porter, I.J. Oliver, D.P., Bramley, R.G.V., Bransley, B., Edwards, J. and White, R.E. 2013. Review: soil biological properties as indicators of soil quality in Australian viticulture. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 19: 311–323.
Sanchez, P.A., Palm, C.A. and Buol, S.W. 2003. Fertility capability soil classification: a tool to help assess soil quality in the tropics. Geoderma 114: 157 – 185.
Scheu, S. 1990. Changes in microbial nutrient status during secondary succession and its modification by earthworms. Oecologia 84: 351- 358.
Schloter, M., Dilly, O. and Munch, J.C. 2003.Indicators for evaluating soil quality. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 98: 255–262.
Sheoran, V., Sheoran, A.S. and Poonia, P. 2010. Soil reclamation of abandoned mine land by revegetation: a review. International Journal of Soil, Sediment and Water 3: 1-21.
Shipitalo, M.J. and Bayon, R.L. 2004.Quantifying the effects of earthworms on soil aggregation and porosity. In Edwards, C.A. (ed.). Earthworm Ecology. CRC Press. Boca Raton. pp. 183-200.
Suthar, S. 2008. Microbial and decomposition efficiencies of monoculture and polyculture vermireactors, based on epigeic and anecic earthworms. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 24 (8): 1471 – 1479.
Swift, M. and Bignell, D. 2001. Standard Methods for Assessment of Soil Biodiversity and Land Use Practice. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry. Bogor. Indonesia.
Tao, J., Chen, X., Liu, M., Hu, F., Griffths, B. and Li. H. 2009. Earthworms change the abundance and community structure of nematodes and protozoa in a maize residue amended rice–wheat rotation agro-ecosystem. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41: 898–904.
Wilkinson, D.M. 2008. Testate amoebae and nutrient cycling: peering into the black box of soil ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 23 (11): 596 – 599.
Zaller, J.G. 2007.Vermicompost in seedling potting media can affect germination, biomass allocation, yields and fruit quality of three tomato varieties. European Journal of Soil Biology 43: S332-S336.
Zhang, Q.L. and Hendrix, P.F. 1995. Earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea caliginosd) effects on carbon flux in soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 59:816-823.
Zorn, M.I., Van Gestel, C.A.M. and Eijsackers, H. 2005. The effect of two endogeic earthworm species on zinc distribution and availability in artiï¬cial soil columns. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37: 917–925.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher. 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Scientific Journal by Eko Handayanto is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://ub.ac.id.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://ircmedmind.ub.ac.id/.
This work is licensed under a 